| Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| ссылка | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Замечание | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.57 | 4.48 | 0.37 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| From individual food items | 4.44 | 0.73 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ссылка | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||