Main Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
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Remarks | Inhabits offshore reefs (Ref. 9563). Demersal fish and a carnivore (Ref. 42247). Feeds on benthic invertebrates. Dwells in benthic sandy substrates (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.70 | 0.36 | 3.59 | 0.57 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.73 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |