Ecology Summary - Gnathanodon speciosus
生態學： Gnathanodon speciosus
 
主要參考文獻 Honebrink, R., 1990
附註 Occur in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300); in coral reefs (Ref. 58534); and in deep lagoon and seaward reefs where they feed by rooting for crustaceans, other invertebrates in the sand and also on small fishes. Piscivore (Ref. 57615). Small juveniles live among the tentacles of jellyfish (Ref. 9710). Coastal species that inhabits coral and rocky reefs. Diurnal bottom feeder that hunts in groups. Feeds on crabs, shrimp, molluscs, and small fishes (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • 河口/瀉湖/半鹹淡水海洋
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • 洞
  • 專門地
Highighted items on the list are where Gnathanodon speciosus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref. Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Special habitats Coral Reefs: reef flats; lagoons;
Special habitats Ref. Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006

Associations

參考文獻
Associations schooling;
Associated with It is noted for its behavior to closely swim around sharks and other large fish, but also following divers (Ref. 10361) to gain protection from likely predators (Ref. 9710).
Association remarks Forms schools (Ref. 10361) .
Parasitism

進食

攝取食物的類型 mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Honebrink, R., 1990
攝取食物的習慣 hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Honebrink, R., 1990
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method 最初的樣本 不捕獲族群 附註
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
從食物內容
從個別的食物項目 4.03 0.52 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
參考文獻
(例如 346)
(例如 oophagy)
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