| 主要參考文獻 | Muñoz, A.A. and F.P. Ojeda, 1997 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Found in shallow inshore water (Ref. 5199). Carnivore (Ref. 50629). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | : rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Muñoz, A.A. and F.P. Ojeda, 1997 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Muñoz, A.A. and F.P. Ojeda, 1997 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 3.44 | 0.23 | 3.18 | 0.26 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| 從個別的食物項目 | |||||
| 參考文獻 | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 | ||||