المرجع الرئيسي | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
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ملاحظات | Found mostly in canals, lakes, ponds, swamps and estuaries (Ref. 41236). Occurs in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Recorde from rice fields (Ref. 50862). Often found in areas with dense vegetation (Ref. 12693). Can tolerate extremely unfavorable water conditions and is associated mainly with turbid, stagnant waters (Ref. 6028). Remains buried under the mud during dry season (Ref. 1479). Feeds on macrophytic vegetation, shrimps and fish fry (Ref. 6028). Reported to undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During the dry season, it stays in pools associated with submerged woods and shrubs (Ref. 37770). Possesses an accessory air-breathing organ (Ref. 2847). Able to survive for several days or weeks out of water if the air breathing organs can be kept moist (Ref. 1479); uses its highly mobile suboperculum and strong fins spines to pull itself over land to move between bodies of water (Ref. 76895). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. | Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta, 2004 |
مرجع | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
نوع التغذية | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
العادات الغذائية | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Taki, Y., 1978 |
Estimation method | العينة الأصلية | مجتمعات لم يتم صيدها | ملاحظة | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
من التركيبة الغذائية | 2.98 | 0.37 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
من العناصر الغذائية المفردة | 2.76 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
مرجع | Talde, C.M., A.C. Mamaril and M.L.D. Palomares, 2004 |