Squatina californica Ayres, 1859
Pacific angelshark
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Squatina californica
Picture by Murch, A.
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Picture by Murch, A.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Squatiniformes (Angel sharks) > Squatinidae (Angel sharks)
Etymology: Squatina: Latin, squatina, -ae = a kind of shark (Ref. 45335). More on author: Ayres.
Etymology: Squatina: Latin, squatina, -ae = a kind of shark (Ref. 45335). More on author: Ayres.
Environment / Climate / Range Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 3 - 205 m (Ref. 9253), usually 3 - 46 m (Ref. 54903). Subtropical; 60°N - 22°N, 139°W - 104°W (Ref. 54903)
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 86 - 108 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 247); max. reported age: 35 years (Ref. 6147)
Max length : 152 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 247); max. reported age: 35 years (Ref. 6147)
Short description Morphology | Morphometrics
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: southeastern Alaska to Gulf of California; Costa Rica to southern Chile.
Found on the continental shelf and littoral areas (Ref. 247).A sluggish and inactive species that buries itself in sand or mud (Ref. 247). Also found around rocks, heads of submarine canyons, and sometimes near kelp forests (Ref. 247). Feeds on bottom and epibenthic fishes, including croakers, California halibut, and squid (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Can whip up its head and snap very quickly when touched, provoked, harassed, or speared, and can inflict painful lacerations (Ref. 247).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Collaborators
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome: FAO.
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref. 247)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO(fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us
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Synonyms
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion
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BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | PubMed | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimates of some properties based on empirical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01246 (-0.24980 - 0.27473), b=3.00 (2.87 - 3.13), based on LWR estimates for this family-BS (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.15-0.16; tm=8-13; tmax=35; Fec=6).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100) .