Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)

Garpike

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Beloniformes \| Belonidae
Synonyms	Esox belone, Belone belone belone, Belone acus, ... more
Common names	Garfish, Orphie, Aguja, ... more

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AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin. 1986. (Ref. 5505)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : Collette, Bruce B. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 93.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637); common length : 45.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); max. published weight: 1,300 g (Ref. 35388)

Environment

Pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - ? m

Climate / Range

Temperate; 65°N - 14°N, 32°W - 42°E

Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Three subspecies were recognized by Collette and Parin (1970, Ref. 34977) Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (Northeast Atlantic); Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866 (Black Sea and Sea of Azov); Belone belone acus Risso, 1827 (Mediterranean Sea and adjacent parts of Atlantic Ocean, Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores, and south to Cape Verde (Ref. 50279); subspecies Belone belone gracilis Lowe, 1839 (France to the Canary Islands including the Mediterranean) in Collette & Parin, 1990 (Ref. 5757).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 20; Anal soft rays: 19 - 23. Jaw teeth comparatively large and widely spaced. Vertebrae 75-84. Vomerine teeth present at lengths greater than 20 cam. Lower jaw a little longer than upper jaw. Juveniles with greatly elongated jaw, without black posterior dorsal fin lobe.

Lives close to the surface and has a migratory pattern similar to the mackerel (Ref. 35388). Feeds on small fishes, particularly clupeids and Engraulis (in the Black Sea). Leaps out of the water when hooked. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

Tools
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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2; Fec=1000)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100)	High

Entered by Froese, Rainer

Modified by Kesner-Reyes, Kathleen

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