Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758

European perch

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Perciformes \| Percidae \| Percinae
Synonyms	Perca fluviatilis aurea, Perca fluviatilis intermedius, Perca fluviatilis macedonica, ... more
Common names	Perche européenne, Perca, Redfin, ... more

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Main reference

Kottelat, M. 1997. (Ref. 13696)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 60.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); max. published weight: 4,750 g (Ref. 2058); max. reported age: 22 years (Ref. 796)

Environment

Demersal; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 8 - 12; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 9988), usually 3 - 4 m (Ref. 55947)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 10°C - 22°C (Ref. 1672); 74°N - 38°N, 91°W - 168°E

Throughout Europe and Siberia to Kolyma River, but not in Spain or Italy; widely introduced. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction. Reported from Greece (Ref. 42629).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 20; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 16; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7 - 10; Vertebrae: 39 - 42. Body greenish-yellow; 5-9 transverse black bands on the sides; first dorsal fin gray, black spot at the tip; second dorsal greenish-yellow; pectorals yellow; other fins red. First dorsal fin markedly higher than the second. Caudal fin emarginate (Ref. 2058).

Adults occur in slow-flowing rivers, deep lakes and ponds; avoids cold, fast-flowing waters but may penetrate into but not breed in such waters. Normally found lying close to or amongst obstacles in the water. Found in some of the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea (Ref. 9988, 44894). Common where there is abundant aquatic vegetation (Ref. 44894). A predatory species, juveniles feed on zooplankton, bottom invertebrate fauna and other perch fry while adults feed on both invertebrates and fish, mainly stickle-backs, perch, roach and minnows (Ref. 6465, 44894). Spawning occurs in spring. The egg mass is unpalatable to other fish and is therefore protected. The eggs hatch in 1-3 weeks and the young form schools for some time before taking up a solitary existence (Ref. 44894). Eggs grouped in long white ribbons (up to 1 m) are found over submerged objects (Ref. 41678). The dietary preferences have created fears among conservationists who believed this species adversely affects stocks of native fishes including Murray cod, Macquarie perch, pygmy perches and rainbow fishes (Ref. 44894). Used to be cultured commercially in Australia (Ref. 7306). Its flesh is excellent and not so bony. Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried and baked (Ref. 9988). May be captured with natural or artificial bait (Ref. 30578).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Least Concern (LC)	Potential pest

Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.1-0.17; tm=2-3; tmax=22; Fec=15,000)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Bailly, Nicolas

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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