Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)

European hake

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Gadiformes \| Merlucciidae \| Merlucciinae
Synonyms	Gadus merluccius, Hidronus marlucius, Merluccius argentatus, ... more
Common names	Merlu européen, Merluza europea, Cornish salmon, ... more

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Image of Merluccius merluccius (European hake)

Picture by Svensen, R.

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AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba. 1990. (Ref. 1371)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 140 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371); 100 cm TL (female); common length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371); max. published weight: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 35388)

Environment

Demersal; marine; depth range 30 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)

Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 43 - 51; Anal soft rays: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.

Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.06-0.18; tm=2-8; tmax=20; Fec=2 million)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100)	High

Entered by Froese, Rainer

Modified by Ortañez, Auda Kareen

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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