Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758)

Turbot

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Pleuronectiformes \| Scophthalmidae
Synonyms	Pleuronectes maximus, Psetta maxima maxima, Rhombus maximus, ... more
Common names	Rodaballo, Breet, Sandhverfa, ... more

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Picture by Quantz, G.

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AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Bauchot, M.-L. 1987. (Ref. 3397)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 100.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4703); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35388); common length :70 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 25.0 kg (Ref. 9988); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref. 32766)

Environment

Demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 20 - 70 m (Ref. 6302)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 70°N - 30°N, 23°W - 42°E

Northeast Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean and along the European coasts to Arctic Circle; also found in most of the Baltic Sea. Subspecies Psetta maxima maeotica in the Black Sea.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Body almost circular. Eye side without scales but with large bony tubercles (Ref. 35388).

Adults live on sandy, rocky or mixed bottoms; rather common in brackish waters. Feed mainly on other bottom-living fishes (sand-eels, gobies, etc.), and also, to a lesser extent, on larger crustaceans and bivalves. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Spawning season is between April and August; pelagic eggs. May reach 25 kg (Ref. 9988). Highly esteemed food fish. Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.15-0.28; tm=3-5; tmax=26; Fec=5 million)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100)	Very high

Entered by Froese, Rainer

Modified by Luna, Susan M.

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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