Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes) > Rhininae
Etymology: Rhina: Greek, rhinos = nose (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 3 - 90 m (Ref. 30573). Tropical; 42°N - 34°S, 30°E - 171°E

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 157 - 178 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 58784); max. published weight: 135.0 kg (Ref. 9987)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

An unmistakable guitarfish with a broad, rounded snout, large, high pectoral fins, and heavy ridges of spiky thorns over the eyes and on the back and shoulders; jaws with heavily ridged, crushing teeth in undulating rows (Ref. 5578). Grey or brownish above (Ref. 5578), white below; numerous white spots dorsally on fins, body and tail; black spots on head and shoulders but no eyespots or ocelli (Ref. 3919).

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Papua New Guinea, north to Japan, south to New South Wales, Australia.

Inhabits coastal areas and on coral reefs, close inshore (Ref. 9915). Found on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 12951). Sometimes found in the water column (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on bottom crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 9915). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). A row of large spines present above the eye, on the center of the nape, and on the shoulder have a defensive function (can be used for butting). Caught commonly by demersal tangle net, and occasionally trawl and longline fisheries (Ref.58048). Difficult to handle and can damage the catch when caught in trawls (Ref. 9915). Utilized fresh and dried-salted; the pectoral fins are the only part which is eaten (Ref. 9987).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Rhinidae (=Rhynchobatidae). Wedgefishes. p. 1418-1422. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)

Vulnerable (VU) (A2bd+3bd+4bd)

Threat to humans

Other (Ref. 637)

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

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Estimates of some properties based on empirical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00470 (-0.20124 - 0.21063), b=3.09271 (2.97593 - 3.20949), based on LWR estimates for this family-BS (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec=4).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Rhina ancylostoma Bloch & Schneider, 1801