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| Pholis gunnellus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Pholis gunnellus
Picture by Noren, M.
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Picture by Noren, M.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Pholidae (Gunnels)
Etymology: Pholis: Greek, pholis, -idos = scale (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Pholis: Greek, pholis, -idos = scale (Ref. 45335).
Environment / Climate / Range Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; non-migratory; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 48978), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 35388). Polar; 72°N - 43°N, 76°W - 45°E
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4693); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 72462)
Max length : 25.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4693); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 72462)
Short description Morphology | Morphometrics
Ribbon - shaped body with 9 - 13 eye spots along the base of the dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri
North Atlantic: Kanin Peninsula southward to La Rochelle (including White Sea, North Sea and Baltic), also Iceland, but not eastern Greenland, Spitzbergen or Novaya Zemlya. Western Atlantic: Labrador, Canada to Delaware Bay, USA (Ref. 7251).
Occurs in shallow waters (seashore, tide pools), but descends (especially in winter) to 100 m or more. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Feeds on small crustaceans, polychaetes, mollusks and fish eggs. The eggs are laid on the sea bed in a large clump, which is closely guarded until hatched (Ref. 9900). Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Spawning occur in November - January . Female lays 80-200 eggs in a large ball under a stone or in an empty bivalve shell (Ref. 35388).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Makushok, V.M., 1986. Pholididae. p. 1124-1125. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3.
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial
FAO(Publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us
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FAO areas
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Common names
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Metabolism
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Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
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References
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion
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Internet sources
BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | National databases | Public aquariums | PubMed | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates of some properties based on empirical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00722 (-0.21054 - 0.22498), b=3.10 (2.99 - 3.22), based on LWR estimates for species & family-BS (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.46 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=1-3; K=0.18-0.29; tmax=12).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100) .