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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays) > Myliobatinae
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 46 m (Ref. 12951). Subtropical; 43°N - 5°S, 126°W - 85°W (Ref. 55258)

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); common length : 100.0 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 9257); max. published weight: 82.1 kg (Ref. 40637)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Oregon, USA to Gulf of California (Ref. 2850) and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 28023).

Commonly found in sandy and muddy bays and sloughs, also on rocky bottom and in kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Sometimes buries itself in sand (Ref. 2850). Found singly or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bivalves, snails, polychaetes, shrimps, and crabs (Ref. 9257). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Venomous spine on tail. Not fished commercially, but shows up as by-catch species (Ref. 9257).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Myliobatidae. Aguilas marinas. p. 765-768. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)

Least Concern (LC)

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4690)

Human uses

Aquarium: public aquariums

FAO(Publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

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Estimates of some properties based on empirical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (-0.30300 - 0.32300), b=3.04 (2.92 - 3.16), based on all LWR estimates for this BS (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=3; tmax=23; k=0.09-0.22).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (75 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865