Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802
Spot croaker
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| Leiostomus xanthurus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Leiostomus xanthurus
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory
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Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Leiostomus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek,stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335). More on author: Lacepède.
Etymology: Leiostomus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek,stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335). More on author: Lacepède.
Environment / Climate / Range Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range ? - 60 m (Ref. 10325). Subtropical; 43°N - 19°N
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3702); max. published weight: 450 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 12193)
Max length : 36.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3702); max. published weight: 450 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 12193)
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to northern Mexico; absent in southern Florida.
Found usually over sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Occurs in nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries during summer and fall. Juveniles often stay in the estuarine waters throughout the year. Feeds mainly on worms, small crustaceans and organic detritus. A small specimen of this species was caught in Tokyo Bay, Japan, probably brought in with the ballast water of a ship (Ref. 10325).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; bait: occasionally
FAO(fisheries: production; publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us
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Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
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Age/Size
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Length-length
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References
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion
Tools
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Internet sources
Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | Public aquariums | PubMed | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimates of some properties based on empirical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00888 (-0.11912 - 0.13688), b=3.08 (3.00 - 3.15), based on LWR estimates for species & family-BS (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.4; tmax=4).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100) .