Euthynnus affinis, Kawakawa : fisheries, gamefish

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Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)

Kawakawa
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Euthynnus affinis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Euthynnus affinis (Kawakawa)
Euthynnus affinis
Picture by Field, R.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Euthynnus: Greek, eu = good + Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54439). Tropical; 18°C - 29°C (Ref. 168); 35°N - 38°S, 19°E - 137°W (Ref. 54439)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: in warm waters including oceanic islands and archipelagos. A few stray specimens have been collected in the Eastern Central Pacific. Highly migratory.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 42.3, range 40 - 65 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); common length : 60.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); max. published weight: 14.0 kg (Ref. 30874); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 121508)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 15; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-15; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 11 - 15; Vertebrae: 39. This species is distinguished by the following characters: medium-sized fish with a robust, elongate and fusiform body; teeth small and conical, in a single series; total gill rakers on first gill arch 29-34; D1 XI-XIV with both dorsal fins separated by only a narrow interspace (not wider than eye), anterior spines of first fin much higher than those midway, giving fin a strongly concave outline; D2 much lower than first and followed by 8-10 finlets; anal fin followed by 6-8 finlets; pectoral fins short, never reaching interspace between dorsal fins; 2 flaps (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins; very slender caudal peduncle with a prominent lateral keel between 2 small keels at base of caudal fin; body naked except for corselet and lateral line. Colour of back dark blue with a complicated striped pattern which does not extend forward beyond middle of first dorsal fin; lower sides and belly silvery white; several characteristic dark spots between pelvic and pectoral fins (but may not always be present) (Ref. 9684, 90102).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs in open waters but always remains close to the shoreline. The young may enter bays and harbors. Forms multi-species schools by size with other scombrid species comprising from 100 to over 5,000 individuals. A highly opportunistic predator feeding indiscriminately on small fishes, especially on clupeoids and atherinids; also on squids, crustaceans and zooplankton. Caught in multispecies fisheries, mainly by surface trolling; also with gill nets. Generally marketed canned and frozen; also utilized dried, salted, smoked and fresh (Ref. 9684).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Collette, Bruce B. | Collaborators

Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)





Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.7 - 28.5, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1384 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00862 - 0.01160), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 (1.2 - 2.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.4-0.5; tm=3; Fec=210,000).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 20.9 [9.6, 171.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.28 [0.88, 5.97] mg/100g; Protein = 23.1 [21.1, 24.7] %; Omega3 = 0.235 [0.129, 0.428] g/100g; Selenium = 70.6 [35.4, 143.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [5.4, 77.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.408 [0.211, 1.643] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.