Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
Environment / Climate / Range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 1 - 350 m (Ref. 7097), usually 1 - 200 m (Ref. 55173). Subtropical; 45°N - 33°S, 98°W - 14°E
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 66.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 124 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217); common length : 75.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683); max. published weight: 32.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 19-21;
Anal
spines: 3;
Anal
soft rays: 15 - 17. Scutes 25 to 42; no scales on chest, except a small mid-ventral patch in front of pelvic fins; upper profile of head steep; maxilla ending approximately below posterior edge of eye; front of soft dorsal and anal fins elevated; olivaceous to bluish green dorsally, silvery to brassy on the sides; prominent black spot posteriorly on gill cover at level of eye, another at upper axil of pectoral fins, and often a third on lower pectoral rays; caudal yellowish (Ref. 13442).
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola, including the western Mediterranean. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and northern Gulf of Mexico to Uruguay (Ref. 7251), including the Greater Antilles (Ref. 9626). Absent from eastern Lesser Antilles (Ref. 26938). Indian Ocean records are probably misidentifications of Caranx ignobilis. Reports from Pacific refer to Caranx caninus, which may be conspecific.
Generally in neritic waters over the continental shelf (Ref. 5217). Adults ascend rivers (Ref. 26938). Juveniles abundant in brackish estuaries with muddy bottoms, near sandy beaches and on seagrass beds (Ref. 5217). Form fast-moving schools, although larger fish may be solitary. Feed on smaller fish, shrimp, and other invertebrates (Ref. 5521). Often grunts or croaks when caught. Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2.
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
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Estimates of some properties based on empirical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02230 (-0.08634 - 0.13095), b=2.94521 (2.87536 - 3.01506), based on LWR estimates for species & genus-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tm 3-4).
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100) .
