Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Tylochromis: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335); aristoma: ari = Greek for well-developed, stoma = Greek for mouth (Ref. 52307). Named in reference to the prominent lower jaw and large-mouthed appearance of the adult (Ref. 52346).
Environment / Climate / Range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Tropical, preferred ?
Africa: restricted to the Ruki River drainage (middle Congo River basin), in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 52346, 93897).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.3 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5714)
Short description
Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal
spines
(total): 13 - 16;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 12-14;
Anal
soft rays: 7;
Vertebrae: 28 - 29. A deep bodied, robust species with a relatively large mouth (compared to its congeners) (Ref. 52307) with a slender gracile lower jaw and narrow elongate keel (Ref. 52346). Contrary to this, juveniles are slender (Ref. 52307). Dorsum strongly curved from nape to caudal peduncle but ventrum more or les flattened; long snout with a straight and steep predorsal profile passing uninterrupted to the origin of the dorsal fin, where the body depth is the largest; lower jaw extremely prominent; lips well-formed but not overly thickened or fleshy; entire premaxillary oral flap present; buccal teeth capped with brown or black enameloid; in the juveniles all of the teeth are small and fine and there is little differentiation in tooth size between inner and outer rows; in the adult (male) teeth are coarse and enlarged; upper branch of lateral line terminates in advance of the end of the dorsal fin; dorsal, ventral and medial lateral line branches on the caudal fin are well developed and almost reach to the periphery; dorsal fin spines increase in length to the fourth or fifth and are then more or less of equal length; anal fin rounded; caudal fin roundly emarginate and densely scaled; pectoral fin relatively elongate and usually reaches the level of the first soft anal ray; first branched pelvic ray is produced and filamentous (Ref. 52346).
Coloration: adult male: upper lip and front of the head black (Ref. 52307, Ref. 52346). Just anterior to a short black nape stripe a patch of red/gold is present (Ref. 52346). Cheeks, operculum and breast silvery-white with greenish iridescent parts (Ref. 52307). Just behind the nape band a broad pale blue/green band extends obliquely down to the base of the pelvic fins (Ref. 52346). Behind this oblique band the body is dark (golden) bronze which becomes more greenish towards the caudal peduncle (Ref. 52346, Ref. 52307). Darker pigmentation on the flank scales; dorsal, pelvic and anal fins dark reddish brown, with numerous rows of small greenish dots (Ref. 52307). Caudal fin light brown centrally, with more reddish parts in the distal (outer) regions and many small black lines (Ref. 52307, Ref. 52346). (Preserved) juveniles: ground coloration is light brown with dark smokey grey upper lip and front of the head; nape band strongly marked but not reaching down onto the operculum; diffuse opercular blotch present on the lower portion of the operculum; 6 vertical stripes extend down well below the midline and onto the belly and ventrum (especially in the smallest specimens) (Ref. 52346).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Stiassny, M.L.J., 1991. Tylochromis. p. 526-533. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5714)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 109396)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
More information
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningFecundityEggsEgg development
Age/SizeGrowthLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorphometricsMorphologyLarvaeLarval dynamicsRecruitmentAbundance
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.3 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100) .
