Parapterois heterura  (Bleeker, 1856)

Blackfoot firefish
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Parapterois heterura   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Parapterois heterura (Blackfoot firefish)
Parapterois heterura
Picture by Henke, M.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Scorpaeniformes (Scorpionfishes and flatheads) > Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes) > Pteroinae
Etymology: Parapterois: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, pterois, derived from pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 40 - 300 m (Ref. 4313).   Temperate

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8. Long filaments at the tips of the dorsal fin spines and outer rays of the caudal fin (Ref. 48635).

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Natal, South Africa to southern Japan (Ref. 4313). Two populations apparently exists, the Western Pacific and SE African coast (Ref. 54476).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Usually found in sheltered coastal bays and fine sand or muddy habitats. May partly bury itself in the substrate during the day and is easily overlooked. When disturbed, the brightly colored pectoral fins probably serves to startle predators. The large fins serve primarily to corner prey when hunting (Ref. 48635). Trawled on soft bottom in coastal waters (Ref. 4313), to 300 m depth (Ref. 48635).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)

  Not Evaluated 

Threat to humans

  Venomous (Ref. 4313)




Human uses

Aquarium: commercial
FAO(Publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

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Internet sources

BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | National databases | PubMed | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates of some properties based on empirical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00858 (-0.17455 - 0.19172), b=3.08 (2.98 - 3.18), based on LWR estimates for this family-BS (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.6 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref. 69278):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100) .
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.