Environment / Climate / Range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 25 m (Ref. 9407). Tropical
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48637); common length : 20.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2935)
Indo-West Pacific: north to Ryukyu Islands.
Occurs in shallow water reefs near sand or seaweed areas. Also found in estuaries and protected muddy bays; juveniles in mangroves and entering the lower reaches of streams (Ref. 9407, 48637). Adults at moderate depths, often laying on the mud during the day (Ref. 48637). Feeds on corals, mollusks, and other sand-dwelling invertebrates (2935).
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text).
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
More information
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningFecundityEggsEgg development
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Estimates of some properties based on empirical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02668 (-0.14926 - 0.20262), b=2.91 (2.81 - 3.00), based on LWR estimates for this family-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.51 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100) .
Price category (Ref.
80766):
.