Cromileptes altivelis  (Valenciennes, 1828)

Humpback grouper
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Image of Cromileptes altivelis (Humpback grouper)
Cromileptes altivelis
Picture by Randall, J.E.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets) > Epinephelinae

Issue
The spelling of the genus is C*h*romileptes in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Mar. 2011: Ref. 86697). Although it is a logical change, it needs further inverstigations because of the general usage of C**romileptes.

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 2 - 40 m (Ref. 9710), usually 5 - 25 m (Ref. 90102).   Tropical; 32°N - 23°S, 88°E - 168°E (Ref. 5222)

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 39 - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5222)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-19; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10. This species is easily distinguished by its extreme smallness of size of the anterior part of the head as compared to the elevated postorbital part; absence of canine teeth, except for a very small pair at the front of the upper jaw; D X, 17-19; A III, 10 (rarely 9); a slit-like posterior nostril; color greenish white to light greenish brown with scattered round black spots on head, body, and fins, with body spots generally larger than those on head and fins; about 9 large roundish dusky blotches may be present on body, with some extending partly into base of dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 5222).

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Pacific: southern Japan to Palau, Guam, New Caledonia and southern Queensland, Australia. Eastern Indian Ocean: Nicobar Islands to Broome, Western Australia. Reports from western Indian Ocean (Heemstra and Randall 1984, 1986, Ref. 3153 and 4319 respectively) are unsubstantiated, except one from Kenya (Smith 1954, Ref. 6514) which seems valid. Records from Hawaii are probably based on released aquarium fishes (Ref. 4787).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Generally inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs and are typically found in dead or silty areas (Ref. 9710). Also found around coral reefs and in tide pools. Growth is very slow. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 37816). Artificial spawning was accomplished by Tang et al. 1979 (Ref. 6568) where eggs are buoyant, 0.80-0.83 mm in diameter with a single oil droplet; larvae died after 7 days. Juveniles are commonly caught for the aquarium trade while adults are utilized as a food fish (Ref. 9710). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Heemstra, Phillip C. | Collaborators

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)

  Vulnerable (VU) (A4cd), IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial
FAO(Aquaculture: production; fisheries: production; publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

More information

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Internet sources

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | National databases | Public aquariums | PubMed | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates of some properties based on empirical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00000 (0.00000 - 0.00000), b=0.00 (0.00 - 0.00), based on (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.80 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 69278):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100) .
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.