Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Atlantic croaker
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| Micropogonias undulatus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Micropogonias undulatus
Picture by Flescher, D.
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Picture by Flescher, D.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Micropogonias: Greek, mikros = small + greek, pogon = beard (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Micropogonias: Greek, mikros = small + greek, pogon = beard (Ref. 45335).
Environment / Climate / Range Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 100 m. Subtropical; 43°N - 37°S
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3702); max. published weight: 2.6 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 12193)
Max length : 55.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3702); max. published weight: 2.6 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 12193)
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA (excluding Florida) and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern Mexico. Possibly from southern Brazil to Argentina. Uncertain in southern Gulf of Mexico, Lesser Antilles and southern Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
Occurs usually over mud and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters and in estuaries where the nursery and feeding grounds are located. Feeds mainly on worms, crustaceans and fishes. An excellent foodfish. Sold fresh and frozen; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO(fisheries: production; publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us
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FAO areas
Ecosystems
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Common names
Synonyms
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Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
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Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
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Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
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Length-length
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References
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion
Tools
E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree
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Internet sources
Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | PubMed | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates of some properties based on empirical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00778 (-0.10372 - 0.11928), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), based on LWR estimates for species & family-BS (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.2-0.27; tm=1-2; tmax=5).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100) .