Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch, 1786)
Sand tilefish
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Malacanthus plumieri
Picture by Randall, J.E.
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Picture by Randall, J.E.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Malacanthidae (Tilefishes) > Malacanthinae
Etymology: Malacanthus: Greek, mala = a lot + Greek, akantha = thorn (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Malacanthus: Greek, mala = a lot + Greek, akantha = thorn (Ref. 45335).
Environment / Climate / Range Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 10 - 153 m (Ref. 9626), usually 10 - 50 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 34°N - 8°S
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8991); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3644); max. published weight: 1.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Max length : 70.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8991); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3644); max. published weight: 1.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Short description Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal
spines
(total): 4 - 5;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 53-57;
Anal
spines: 1;
Anal
soft rays: 50 - 52. Caudal fin lunate.
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: North Carolina (USA), Gulf of Mexico, and throughout the Caribbean to Rio de la Plata, Uruguay. Southeast Atlantic: Ascension Island.
Primarily a shallow-water benthic species found on sand and rubble bottoms (Ref. 5246). Builds mounds of rubble and shell fragments near reefs and grass beds; enters its mound head first when frightened (Ref. 5246). Feeds mainly on stomatopods, fishes, polychaete worms, chitons, sea urchins, sea stars, amphipods and shrimps (Ref. 3644). Tends to bite when handled (Ref. 5246). Marketed fresh (Ref. 5246). Between 1995 and 2000, at least 7 specimens have been traded as aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Dooley, James | Collaborators
Dooley, J.K., 1978. Systematics and biology of the tilefishes (Perciformes: Branchiostegidae and Malacanthidae) with descriptions of two new species. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. No. 411:1-78.
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref. 5246)
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
FAO(Publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us
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Synonyms
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion
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Internet sources
BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | National databases | Public aquariums | PubMed | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates of some properties based on empirical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00844 (-0.08723 - 0.10411), b=2.93 (2.87 - 3.00), based on LWR estimates for species & family-BS (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 69278): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100) .