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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 50 - 100 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 35°N - 31°S, 31°E - 145°W (Ref. 55)

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 37 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 11441); common length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5450); max. published weight: 11.0 kg (Ref. 9710)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-16; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Dorsal profile of head steeply sloped, preorbital bone broad, about twice the eye diameter. Preopercular notch and knob moderately developed. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Head with numerous undulating blue lines. Juveniles with a series of 3 to 8 brown bars on sides and a chalky-white spot, with a broad blackish margin, present below anterior soft dorsal ray. Large adults brownish to grey with small white spots and fine striations on the head (Ref. 48635).

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Tahiti, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.

Occasionally encountered in coral reefs or shallow inshore flats (Ref. 30573). Found singly or in small groups (up to 15 to 20 individuals). Adults on deep coastal slopes; juveniles on shallow algae-reef flats, often near freshwater run-offs (Ref. 48635). Feed on fishes, cephalopods and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 30573). An excellent food fish. In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30298)

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes

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Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on empirical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01631 (-0.09825 - 0.13087), b=3.03 (2.96 - 3.10), based on LWR estimates for species & genus-BS (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.63 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.22).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828)