Values shown below are defaults. Please double-check, replace with better values as appropriate, and 'Recalculate'.

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Life History Data on Torpedo torpedo
Common torpedo
Family: Torpedinidae                           Electric rays
Max. length (Lmax): cm TL
L infinity (Linf): = cm
K: /year      Ø' =
Median Ø' value with related Linf. and K.

Growth & mortality data
to: years      Estimated from Linf and K.
Natural mortality (M):   s.e. - /year
Estimated from Linf., K and annual mean temp. = °C
Life span (approx.): years    Estimated from Linf., K and to.      
Generation time: years       Estimated from Lopt, Linf., K and to.
Age at first maturity (tm): years       Estimated from Lm, Linf., K and to.
L maturity (Lm):     s.e. - cm
Estimated from Linf.         
L max. yield (Lopt):     s.e. - cm
Length-weight: cm => (wet weight)  
W = * L ^

Length-weight data
Nitrogen & protein:
Weight (g) => whole-body nitrogen (N) (g)
=> whole-body crude protein (g)
Reproductive guild: bearers: internal live bearers            Reproduction
Fecundity: [ no value (min.)-no value (max.) ]       Estimated as geometric mean.          Fecundity
Relative Yield per Recruit (Y'/R): Estimate Y'/R from M/K, Lc/Linf and E.
Lc= cm    E=  /year
Emsy /year    Eopt /year
Fmsy /year    Fopt /year
Exploitation: Z=
F=
E=
Estimate Z, F, E from Lc, Lmean, Linf, K, M
Lc = cm
Lmean = cm
Resilience / productivity:
Vulnerable to extinction if decline in biomass or numbers exceeds threshold over the longer of 10 years or 3 generations.
Intrinsic rate of increase (rm): /year Lr = cm   
Estimated from Fmsy at Lc = length of recruitment (Lr).
Main food: mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Trophic level: 4.5       Estimated from diet data.           Diet
Food consumption (Q/B): times the body weight per year Enter Winf, temperature, aspect ratio (A), and food type to estimate Q/B
Winf = g      Temp. = °C
A =     
     
     
Detrivore Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore
Estimate growth
Note: The estimates are derived from default values taken from FishBase and will thus not be appropriate for every population. You can change these values and recalculate the life history parameters. Search FishBase Back to Search
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Life History Data created by: eagbayani, 01.06.99 ,  php script by kbanasihan 06/02/2010 ,  last modified by dsantos, 09/02/2014