Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)

Milkfish

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Gonorynchiformes \| Chanidae
Synonyms	Mugil chanos, Lutodeira chanos, Butirinus argenteus, ... more
Common names	Chano, Chanos, Lubine, ... more

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AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Bagarinao, T. 1994. (Ref. 9814)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 180 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710); 124 cm SL (female); common length : 100.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9814); max. published weight: 14.0 kg (Ref. 9814); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 9814)

Environment

Benthopelagic; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898)

Climate / Range

Tropical; 15°C - 43°C (Ref. 43081); 46°N - 52°S, 19°E - 77°W

Indo-Pacific: along continental shelves and around islands, where temperatures are greater than 20°C. Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas, north to Japan, south to Victoria, Australia. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro, California to the Galapagos.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 17; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 46. Body elongate and somewhat compressed; mouth small and toothless; branchiostegal rays 4; one dorsal fin; pectoral fins falcate; body olive green; flanks silvery; fins dark bordered (Ref. 55763). Superficially resembles bonefishes but by evolution more advanced by having 4 branchiostegal rays (Ref. 1602). Jaws toothless (Ref. 12693).

Found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally penetrate freshwater streams (Ref. 44894). A marine species which enters estuaries and rivers (Ref. 52331). Adults occur in small to large schools near the coasts or around islands where reefs are well developed. Eggs and larvae are pelagic up to 2-3 weeks. Older larvae migrate onshore and settle in coastal wetlands (mangroves, estuaries) during the juvenile stage, or occasionally enter freshwater lakes. Juveniles and sub-adults return to sea where they mature sexually. Spawn only in fully saline water. Larvae eat zooplankton; juveniles and adults eat cyanobacteria, soft algae, small benthic invertebrates, and even pelagic fish eggs and larvae. Larvae are collected from rivers and are grown in culture ponds into juveniles, which are marketed fresh, smoked, canned and frozen. Brood stocks can be raised and spawned in captivity to produce larvae in the hatchery (Ref. 12868). Can thrive and grow in water as hot as 32° C (Ref. 9987).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=4-8; tmax=15; Fec=200,000)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Very high vulnerability (76 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Binohlan, Crispina B.

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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