分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Squatiniformes (Angel sharks)
扁鯊目 (Angel sharks) >
Squatinidae (Angel sharks)
琵琶鮫科 (Angel sharks)
Etymology: Squatina: Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble, presumably tautonymous with Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758 (no species mentioned). (See ETYFish); californica: -ica (L.), belonging to: California (USA), referring to type locality in San Francisco Bay. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 3 - 205 m (Ref. 9253), usually 3 - 46 m (Ref. 54903). 亞熱帶的; 52°N - 7°N, 130°W - 77°W
Eastern Pacific: Canada to Gulf of California, south to Panama.
東太平洋: 阿拉斯加州東南方到加州灣; 哥斯大黎加到智利南部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 97.0, range 86 - 108 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); 最大年齡: 35 年 (Ref. 6147)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0
Found on the continental shelf and littoral areas (Ref. 247).A sluggish and inactive species that buries itself in sand or mud (Ref. 247). Also found around rocks, heads of submarine canyons, and sometimes near kelp forests (Ref. 247). Feeds on bottom and epibenthic fishes, including croakers, California halibut, and squid (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Can whip up its head and snap very quickly when touched, provoked, harassed, or speared, and can inflict painful lacerations (Ref. 247).
棲息於大陸棚與沿海地區區域了。 (參考文獻 247)掩藏於沙或泥中的一個緩動性而不活躍的種.(參考文獻 247) 也岩石，海中峽谷的頭部周圍發現, 與有時在海藻林的附近.(參考文獻 247) 吃底部而淺海底棲魚,包括嗄嗄叫, 加州大比目魚 , 與烏賊.(參考文獻 247) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 能突然抬起它的頭部而且非常快地猛咬當接觸,激怒,被攻擊, 或獵殺了, 而且能施放令人痛苦的撕裂.(參考文獻 247)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).東太平洋: 阿拉斯加州東南方到加州灣; 哥斯大黎加到智利南部。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2014
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.5 - 25.9, mean 21 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00293 - 0.01558), b=3.07 (2.88 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (K=0.15-0.16; tm=8-13; tmax=35; Fec=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.5 [3.6, 86.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.795 [0.206, 2.275] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.8, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.363 [0.162, 0.801] g/100g; Selenium = 26.5 [7.5, 76.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.99 [3.53, 27.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.421 [0.203, 0.760] mg/100g (wet weight);
