Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 25°N - 9°S, 69°E - 117°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-West Pacific: western coast of India to Myanmar and south to Java, Indonesia.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 13.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55634); 20.5 cm TL (female); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 60.70 g (Ref. 55634); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 60.70 g
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Anale stekels 0; Anale zachte stralen: 29 - 37. Belly with 24 to 32 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus. Tip of snout on a level with eye center. Maxilla long, reaching to or almost to base of first pectoral fin ray; first supra-maxilla oval, minute. Lower gill rakers with serrae on the inner edge even and not clumped. A dark blotch behind upper part of gill opening.
Found in coastal pelagic waters and often observed as entering mangroves and adjacent brackish waters (Ref. 43081). Juveniles and adults may penetrate the upper reaches where mixohaline-mesohaline conditions prevail. Eggs and larvae are found in the lower reaches of the mangroves (Ref. 43081). A schooling species found mostly inshore. Feed on planktonic organisms in coastal waters (Ref. 43081). Juveniles in mangroves feed on larvae of shrimps and fish (Ref. 43081). Confusions in identification make all previous biological studies unreliable. One of the commonest species of Thryssa (if identifications have been correct).
Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Meer informatie
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaElectrophoresesErfelijkheidZiektesVerwerkingNutrientsMassaconversie
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.8 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 648 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00375 - 0.00968), b=3.02 (2.89 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.76).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
