Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Stonefish

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Scorpaeniformes \| Synanceiidae \| Synanceiinae
Synonyms	Synanceichthys verrucosa, Synanceichthys verrucosus, Scorpaena brachion, ... more
Common names	Reef stonefish, Reef stonefish, Stone fish, ... more

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Image of Synanceia verrucosa (Stonefish)

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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Poss, S.G. and K.V. Rama Rao. 1984. (Ref. 3503)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3503); common length : 27.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5450); max. published weight: 2,400 g (Ref. 11441)

Environment

Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range ? - 30 m (Ref. 37816)

Climate / Range

Tropical; 30°N - 28°S

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to French Polynesia, north to the Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Queensland, Australia.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 12 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 5 - 7; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 5 - 6. Colors matching surroundings and extremely well-camouflaged (Ref. 48635). Pelvic and anal fins spines are similarly developed. 12-14 stout grooved spines, each with a large venom sack at its base (Ref. 37816).

Most widespread stonefish (Ref. 4313). Found on sandy or rubble areas of reef flats and shallow lagoons and in small pools during low tide well camouflaged among the substrate and sometimes even covered with algae (Ref. 5213, 5503). Solitary species (Ref. 37816). Feeds on fishes and crustaceans. The dorsal fin has 2 grooves serving as seringes of venom; their stings are excruciatingly painful and can occasionally be fatal. A serum exists which is effective if applied immediately after the infliction. World's most venomous fish (Ref. 37816). Uncommon in markets. In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Also Ref. 57406.


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Venomous (Ref. 4690)

Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos

Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Capuli, Estelita Emily

Modified by Ortañez, Auda Kareen

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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