分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 降海洄游 (Ref. 46888); 深度上下限 0 - 5 m (Ref. 89972). 熱帶; 32°N - 24°S, 30°E - 141°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and from East Africa to the Tuamoto Islands, north to southern Japan, south to southern Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia (Ref. 9812).
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至大堡礁與新加勒多尼亞的南方.(參考文獻 9812)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 63.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9812)
背棘 (總數): 5; 背的軟條 (總數): 8-10; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9. Diagnosis: This species is distinguished by the following characters: robust body; usually with 16 pectoral-fin rays; 25-29 longitudinal scales; 16 circumpeduncular scales; weakly ctenoid scales; adults with longer snout than eye diameter, shorter in juvenile; poorly developed adipose eyelid, forming narrow rim around eye; weak notch on anteroventral edge of preorbital; truncate caudal fin; colour olive-brown dorsally, flanks and belly silvery to whitish; about 6 brownish stripes on flank formed by longitudinal marks on scales; fins yellowish white with dusky margins except caudal fin yellow and pectoral black dorsally and yellow ventrally (completely black in young); no axillary scale visible in the pectoral fins (Ref. 9812, 90102).
黃褐色的背面, 側面銀色的, 腹部白色或遍佈白黃色的.(參考文獻 9812) 在側面上的大約 6條縱向的斑紋在鱗片上由縱向的標誌形成了; 鱗片也有提供略方格型的外表的側面的深色邊緣。 (參考文獻 9812) 虹膜有黃色的區塊。 (參考文獻 9812) 鰭的邊緣暗色的, 不一樣地黃白色.(參考文獻 9812) 尾鰭明顯黃色.(參考文獻 9812) 胸鰭完全黑色在小魚中; 低的部分淡黃色的當成魚時.(參考文獻 9812) 沒有腋窩的鱗片看得見的在胸鰭.(參考文獻 1602)
Found in lagoons, reef flats, estuaries, and coastal creeks, in shallow coastal areas and protected sandy shores (Ref. 40488). Usually within tidal influence, but may enter fresh water, ascending 10 km into rivers (Ref. 40488). Forms large schools, frequently in mangrove areas (Ref. 2334). Juveniles may be found in rice fields and mangroves and may be used as bait fish (Ref. 9812). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Feeds on phytoplankton, small algae and detritus organisms (Ref. 89972). Caught in cast nets, stake
nets, beach seines, and gill nets; marketed fresh and salted; boiled (Thailand), canned or frozen (Australia). Roe also marketed salted and juveniles used as bait fish (Ref. 9812)..
在水淺的沿岸區域與有遮蔽的沙海岸中,棲息於潟湖，礁石平臺，河口與海岸的小溪。 (參考文獻 40488) 通常在潮汐的影響力裡面, 但是可能進入淡水, 上 10 公里進入河之內.(參考文獻 40488) 形成大群魚群, 時常在紅樹林區域中.(參考文獻 2334) 稚魚可能被發現於稻田與紅樹林而且可能是當作魚餌使用魚。 (參考文獻 9812) 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至大堡礁與新加勒多尼亞的南方.(參考文獻 9812)
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: occasionally
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3039 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00762 - 0.01897), b=3.02 (2.89 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 47.6 [18.7, 154.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.591 [0.262, 1.397] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.147 [0.070, 0.313] g/100g; Selenium = 24.3 [12.2, 55.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 54.7 [12.3, 239.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.78 [1.12, 2.73] mg/100g (wet weight);
