分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Scaridae (Parrotfishes)
鸚哥魚科 (Parrotfishes) > Scarinae
Etymology: Scarus: Greek, skaros = a fish described by anciente writers as a parrot fish; 1601 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 90 m (Ref. 89642). 热带; 31°N - 35°S, 21°E - 77°W
Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 80050); Red Sea and Algoa Bay, South Africa (Ref. 5490) to Rapa and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan, south to Perth, New South Wales. Likely at Seychelles (Ref. 1623). Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Ecuador (Ref. 5227). Eastern Mediterranean: off the coast of Shiqmona, first Lessepsian immigrant of Family Scaridae (Ref. 45081).
印度-太平洋: 到拉帕岛与迪西岛的红海与南非奥歌亚湾 (参考文献 5490), 北至日本南部, 南至柏斯，新南韦尔斯。 或许在塞锡尔群岛.(参考文献 1623) 东太平洋: 加州湾到厄瓜多.(参考文献 5227) 地中海东部: 外海的 Shiqmona 的海岸, 第一个鹦哥鱼科的雷赛布迁移.(参考文献 45081)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 49 - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 90102); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763); 最大年龄: 13 年 (Ref. 42001)
背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: median predorsal scales 6-8 (usually 7); 3 scale rows on cheek, 1(6-7), 2(6-9), 3(3-5); pectoral-fin rays 13-15 (occasionally 15); terminal male usually with 2 conical teeth on side of upper dental plate (female without), with lips mainly covering the plates; caudal fin rounded in small female, with prolonged lobes in large adult. Colour of male dark reddish brown anteriorly with a bright green dot at top end of line from mouth through eye to top of opercular opening; female red on head, belly and fins, side with wavy black and white stripes, and dark green bands around the mouth and eye (Ref. 9793, 90102).
特殊的黄色与蓝色-条纹初期的阶段; 最后阶段类似 S. forsteni 。
Adults inhabit lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 1602), in slopes and drop-offs (Ref. 48636), often solitary but may sometimes occur in small groups (Ref. 9710, 48636). Males common in atolls where they live mainly around the inner and outer edges of barrier reefs at depths of about 30 ft; females prefer deeper habitat (Ref. 4821). Small juveniles in groups are found inshore on algae reef habitat (Ref. 9710, 48636) and sometimes enter silty, murky environments (Ref. 5490). Feed by scraping algae from rocks and corals (Ref. 5227). Are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 55367). Caught with nets and other types of artisanal gear. Marketed fresh (Ref. 5284). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 90102.
在斜坡与海峭壁中, 栖息于舄湖与临海礁石 (参考文献 1602) 。 (参考文献 48636) 雄性常见于环礁在那里它们主要地生活在那周围内部的与障碍礁石的外缘深度大约 30个英尺; 雌性偏爱较深的栖息地。 (参考文献 4821) 小的稚鱼在沿海的藻类栖息地礁。 进入淤泥又黝暗的环境。 (参考文献 5490) 成鱼独居性 (有时但是可能出现在小群鱼群), 稚鱼形成鱼群.(参考文献 9710,48636) 刮取岩石上的藻类为食与珊瑚.(参考文献 5227) 一个雌性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 55367) 用網與其他類型的漁民專業網具捕獲了。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 5284) 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Sex change occurs at 29.0 cm TL and 7 years of age (Ref. 55367).印度-太平洋: 到拉帕岛与迪西岛的红海与南非奥歌亚湾 (参考文献 5490), 北至日本南部, 南至柏斯，新南韦尔斯。 或许在塞锡尔群岛.(参考文献 1623) 东太平洋: 加州湾到厄瓜多.(参考文献 5227) 地中海东部: 外海的 Shiqmona 的海岸, 第一个鹦哥鱼科的雷赛布迁移.(参考文献 45081)
Parenti, P. and J.E. Randall, 2000. An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97. (Ref. 35918)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1802 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.01193 - 0.01751), b=3.03 (2.99 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.47; tmax=13).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.83, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25 [14, 42] mg/100g; Iron = 0.629 [0.410, 0.980] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.8, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.0973 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 25.9 [14.6, 41.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34 [10, 113] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.13 [1.50, 2.72] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
