分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Lycengraulis: Greek, lykos = wolf + Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Spix & Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 40 m (Ref. 5217). 亞熱帶的; 19°N - 41°S, 88°W - 34°W (Ref. 101638)
Western Atlantic: Belize (but no southerly records until Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela); then from Gulf of Venezuela and Trinidad south to Argentina at Carmen de Patagones; also lower and sometimes middle parts of the Orinoco, the Amazon to above Manaus, and Paraná to about Corrientes, and in smaller rivers.
西大西洋: 貝里斯;(但是沒有向南的記錄直到湖 Maracaibo, 委內瑞拉) 然後從委內瑞拉灣與千里達在 Carmen de Patagones 南至阿根廷; 也奧里諾科河的下游與有時中游, 亞馬遜河在馬瑙斯之上, 與 Parana 到大約 Corrientes, 與在較小的河中。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 11.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.5 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 50628); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 57.00 g (Ref. 118626)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 21 - 28. Depth widely variable. Snout about 2/3 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, pointed, reaching onto sub-operculum. Gill rakers short, the longest not less than pupil diameter in adults. Dorsal fin origin behind midpoint of body; anal fin origin below 6th-8th branched dorsal fin rays. Silver stripe up to twice eye diameter at widest, lost in fishes over 10 cm SL. Curve of black dots on operculum (Ref. 189). Grayish blue dorsally, fins yellowish with translucent membranes and a blackish caudal margin (Ref. 27363).
深度广泛可变。 吻大约 2/3 眼直径; 颚骨中等的，尖的, 延伸到子鳃盖上面。 鳃耙短, 不少于瞳孔直径当成鱼时的最长的。 身体的背鳍起点中点后面; 在第六到第八分枝背鳍鳍条之下的臀鳍起源。 银色的斑纹向上到两次眼直径在宽的, 在超过 10 公分 SL 的鱼中失去。 在鳃盖上的黑色点的弯曲.(参考文献 189) 灰蓝色背面, 鳍淡黄色的有半透明的薄膜与黑色的尾部边缘.(参考文献 27363)
Occurs in brackish estuaries and adjacent marine areas; penetrates freshwater (Ref. 5217). Forms moderate schools. Usually migrating from estuaries or the sea, but possibly the limnichthys of Lake Maracaibo and the amazonensis represent purely freshwater forms. In freshwater, it feeds principally on small fishes, prawns and copepods; also insect larvae. At sea, it feeds on fishes and various crustaceans. Spawns in freshwater. Year round occurrence of eggs reported.
出现于半咸淡的河口与毗连的海洋区域; 深入淡水。 (参考文献 5217) 形成中等的鱼群。 通常从河口或海洋回游, 湖 Maracaibo 的 limnichthys 与 amazonensis 代表纯淡水类型但是可能。 在淡水中，它主要捕食小鱼，虾与桡脚类的动物; 也昆虫幼生。 在海上，它吃鱼与各种不同的甲壳动物。 产卵在淡水。 卵的每年一次发生报告。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 貝里斯;(但是沒有向南的記錄直到湖 Maracaibo, 委內瑞拉) 然後從委內瑞拉灣與千里達在 Carmen de Patagones 南至阿根廷; 也奧里諾科河的下游與有時中游, 亞馬遜河在馬瑙斯之上, 與 Parana 到大約 Corrientes, 與在較小的河中。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.1 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 250 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00465 - 0.00681), b=3.16 (3.10 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tmax>3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 117 [67, 246] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.93, 2.82] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.718 [0.413, 1.409] g/100g; Selenium = 15.1 [7.6, 31.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [6.2, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.73, 1.51] mg/100g (wet weight);
