分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 800 m (Ref. 27549). 溫帶; 60°N - 28°N, 82°W - 43°W
Western Atlantic: New Foundland and Labrador in Canada to northeastern Florida in USA, but uncommon in nearshore waters south of North Carolina, USA.
西大西洋: 對佛羅里達東北方的加拿大魁北克, 但是罕見在美國北卡羅萊那州近海南方中。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 46.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 90.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3787); 最大体重: 22.6 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 30 年 (Ref. 796)
Inhabits continental shelf, occurring deeper in southern parts of range (Ref 7251); tolerating a wide range of temperature (0-21°C) (Ref. 5951).
栖息于被在范围 (参考文献 7251) 的南部出现在较深处的大陆架。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
That testes seem to develop earlier and stay ripe longer suggest multiple spawning by males. Eggs are laid in long, ribbon-shaped veils (Ref. 4842).西大西洋: 對佛羅里達東北方的加拿大魁北克, 但是罕見在美國北卡羅萊那州近海南方中。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 9.9, mean 5 °C (based on 189 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01040 - 0.01833), b=2.98 (2.90 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.1; tmax=30; Fec=300,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.5 [9.6, 30.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.322 [0.195, 0.508] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [16.9, 23.2] %; Omega3 = 0.524 [0.201, 1.355] g/100g; Selenium = 16.1 [5.1, 55.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.4 [5.1, 48.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.253 [0.127, 0.797] mg/100g (wet weight);
