分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: Brosme: Greek, brosomai, bibrosko = to eat up, to devour (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 18 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 18 - 549 m (Ref. 1371). 溫帶; 83°N - 37°N, 75°W - 57°E (Ref. 1371)
Northwest Atlantic: New Jersey to the Strait of Belle Isle and on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Rare at the southern tip of Greenland. Northeast Atlantic: off Iceland, in the northern North Sea, and along the coast of Scandinavia to the Murmansk Coast and at Spitzbergen.
西北大西洋: 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽與在紐芬蘭的大岸灘上。 稀有的在格陵蘭的最南端。 東北大西洋: 外海的冰島, 在北海北部, 而且沿著斯堪的那維亞半島到莫曼斯克海岸的海岸而在 Spitzbergen。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 53.3, range 50 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9988); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年龄: 20 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 93-103; 臀鳍软条: 62 - 75; 脊椎骨: 64 - 67. Barbel on present on chin, none on snout, its length equal to eye diameter. Color is variable; dorsally dark red-brown or green brown to yellow shading into pale color on belly. Young specimens may have six transverse yellow bands on sides. Vertical fins with dark margin rimmed with white.
触须位于下巴之上之上, 没有吻之上, 它的长度等于眼直径。 色彩是可变的; 背面暗红色褐色或绿色的褐色到黄色在腹面上变化成灰白的颜色。 幼鱼在侧边上可能有六条横跨的黄色条纹。 具有深色边的垂直鳍有白色边了。
Found in small shoals on rough, rock, gravel, or pebble bottoms. Generally keeps far from the shore, near the bottom, mostly between 150 and 450 m in the northeastern Atlantic, and between 18 and 550 m in the northwestern Atlantic. Occurs at a temperature range of 0°-10° C (Ref. 9988). Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on crustaceans and shellfishes, benthic fishes (flatfishes and gurnard) and even on starfishes. Preyed upon by seals (Ref. 9988). Sold fresh, frozen as fillets or dried salted. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
发现于小的浅滩粗略地了, 岩石，砾石或小圆石底部。 通常保存远离海岸, 在底部的附近, 大部份在东北方的大西洋在 150 与 450 公尺之间, 与在 18之间与在西北大西洋中的 550 公尺。 生存在 0 的温差 °-10 ° C 。 (参考文献 9988) 独居性或形成小群鱼群。 吃甲壳动物与贝，底栖的鱼 (比目鱼与 gurnard) 甚至在海星上。 被海豹捕食了。 (参考文献 9988) 生鲜贩卖了, 冻结如鱼排或乾燥盐腌。 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawns in shallower waters between 40-400 m, usually 100 to 200 m. Most important spawning grounds are located between Scotland and Iceland, from 200 to 500 m depth. In the Gulf of Maine, spawning grounds can be found in shallower waters (>50 m). Some individuals even spawn close inshore in Cape Cod, Provincetown Harbor and the Isles of Shoals (Ref. 1371). 西北大西洋: 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽與在紐芬蘭的大岸灘上。 稀有的在格陵蘭的最南端。 東北大西洋: 外海的冰島, 在北海北部, 而且沿著斯堪的那維亞半島到莫曼斯克海岸的海岸而在 Spitzbergen。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 7.7, mean 3.6 °C (based on 726 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00402 - 0.00751), b=3.09 (3.00 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.1 (6.8 - 11.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.08-0.16; tm=8-10; tmax=20; Fec=2 million).
Prior r = 0.45, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.68, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.1 [10.6, 44.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.308 [0.158, 0.657] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.376 [0.199, 0.688] g/100g; Selenium = 29.3 [14.7, 59.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.7, 41.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.364 [0.244, 0.562] mg/100g (wet weight);
