分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 0 - 825 m (Ref. 6793), usually 165 - 293 m (Ref. 27437). 深水域; 64°N - 24°N, 143°E - 110°W (Ref. 54884)
North Pacific: Honshu, Japan to Cape Navarin in the Bering Sea (but not in the Sea of Okhotsk) and La Jolla, California, and along the Aleutians from Stalemate Bank and Bowers Bank to the Alaska Peninsula. Stocks have suffered severe population decline due to overfishing (Ref. 27437).
北太平洋: 對在白令海 (但是不在鄂霍次克海中) 與加州的拉賀亞中的 Navarin 海岬的日本本州, 而且沿著來自僵局淺堆與樹蔭處淺堆到阿拉斯加州半島的 Aleutians。 分枝已經遭受嚴重的族群減少捕撈過度之上由於.(參考文獻 27437)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 33.2, range 25 - 43.3 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 56527); 最大体重: 2.1 kg (Ref. 56527); 最大年龄: 103 年 (Ref. 93933)
背棘 (总数): 13; 背的软条 (总数): 14-17; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 6 - 9; 脊椎骨: 26. Head spines weak - nasal, preocular, supraocular (may be absent), postocular, tympanic, parietal, and nuchal (may be absent) spines present, coronal spine absent (Ref. 27437). Long lower jaw with prominent forward directed symphyseal knob (Ref. 27437). Posterior margin of caudal indented (Ref. 6885). Bright to light red, usually with dark markings dorsally, may have some dark stippling on sides and dark blotch on caudal peduncle (Ref. 27437).
头部棘弱的 - 鼻骨， preocular, 眶上的 (可能是不存在) ，眶后的，和鼓皮似的，腔壁的，与颈背的 (可能是不存在) 棘呈现, 冠棘不存在.(参考文献 27437) 长的下颌有突出的向前被直接的合生疖瘤.(参考文献 27437) 后缘尾部的凹入.(参考文献 6885) 明亮的到淡红色, 通常有深色斑纹背面, 在侧边与黑色斑块上可能有一些黑的点刻在尾梗上.(参考文献 27437)
Abundant in offshore waters (Ref. 2850). Young pelagic up to age 3 (Ref. 6885). Grows slowly (Ref. 2850). Viviparous (Ref. 34817). Very important commercial rockfish in the North Pacific (Ref. 2850, 27437). Marketed as fillets (Ref. 2850). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
丰富的在离岸水域.(参考文献 2850) 幼鱼大洋性向上到 3 岁。 (参考文献 6885) 生长得慢慢。 (参考文献 2850) 胎生的.(参考文献 34817) 在北太平洋的非常重要的商业礁石鱼类.(参考文献 2850,27437) 在市场上销售如鱼排。 (参考文献 2850) 生鲜使用与冷冻; 油炸后食用, 微波了而且烧烤了。 (参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Produces young in small numbers, only about 300,000 when the fish is 20 years old.北太平洋: 對在白令海 (但是不在鄂霍次克海中) 與加州的拉賀亞中的 Navarin 海岬的日本本州, 而且沿著來自僵局淺堆與樹蔭處淺堆到阿拉斯加州半島的 Aleutians。 分枝已經遭受嚴重的族群減少捕撈過度之上由於.(參考文獻 27437)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.1 - 6.4, mean 3.8 °C (based on 124 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00779 - 0.01118), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.3 (7.8 - 10.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 33
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717); tmax=103; tm=7; K=0.1; Fec=31,000).
Prior r = 0.20, 95% CL = 0.13 - 0.30, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.4 [6.4, 61.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.305 [0.125, 0.808] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [16.0, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.7 [0.3, 1.8] g/100g; Selenium = 44.5 [15.6, 134.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.3 [3.9, 72.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.3 [0.2, 0.6] mg/100g (wet weight);
