Coregonus maraena, Maraena whitefish : fisheries, aquaculture

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Coregonus maraena (Bloch, 1779)

Maraena whitefish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Coregonus maraena   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Coregonus maraena (Maraena whitefish)
Coregonus maraena
Picture by Freyhof, J.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Salmoniformes (Salmons) 鮭形目 (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) 鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 88171); 深度上下限 10 - 20 m (Ref. 130226). 溫帶; 69°N - 49°N, 7°E - 37°E (Ref. 59043)

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Europe: In the Baltic Sea: Swedish coast (including Bothnian Gulf, not in Gotland); in southern Baltic, extending from the Schlei to Gulf of Finland. Southeast North Sea Basin: Ems, Weser and Elbe drainages and small rivers of Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark. Landlocked in several lakes in Poland, Sweden, and Russia. Introduced and transplanted in many drainages within its native range and outside westward to Rhine drainage (Ref. 59043). Apparent abundance in Germany, Poland and Scandinavia results from the massive stocking programs without which the populations would rapidly decline. Usually known as C. lavaretus in the Baltic Sea basin. North Sea population might represent a distinct species (Ref. 59043).
歐洲: 波蘭,瑞典與芬蘭。 在德國與可疑的俄國重建了。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 593); 最大體重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 593)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Forages along coasts. Also reported from deep, oligo-mesotrophic lakes. Feeds on benthic prey (crustaceans, molluscs, large insect larvae, small fish). Spawns in shallow water, in rapids or small rivers or over firm sediments in lowland rivers and estuaries. Northernmost stocks undertake the longest migrations between spawning and foraging grounds. In the northern part of the range, individuals may travel as much as 700 km between these areas (Ref. 59043). Growth parameters from Russia suggest a maximum age of 20 years (Ref. 56506) . Members of the genus Coregonus readily hybridise with other Coregonus species and populations (Ref. 89548).

產卵在十一月。 (參考文獻 593) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵被埋藏在沒有防衛的巢之中。 (參考文獻 205)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Adults ascend rivers between June and October (northern Baltic) or November (southern Baltic), when water temperature drops below 10 °C. Spawning occurs in estuarine areas with low salinities or lower reaches of rivers or rapids (Ref. 59043). Coregonus species spawn on gravel and sand bottoms (Ref. 35387). Spawns for the first time at 3-5 years. Some females spawn only every second year (Ref. 59043). Spawners may spend the winter in rivers or near estuaries along the coast (Ref. 89484). Eggs hatch in early spring and larvae drift downstream to estuarine bays or to the sea; juveniles migrate to the sea in summer (Ref. 59043). 歐洲: 波蘭,瑞典與芬蘭。 在德國與可疑的俄國重建了。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  次級保育類動物, 見 IUCN 紅皮書 (VU) (A2cd); Date assessed: 05 March 2010

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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網路資源

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 4.5 - 9.7, mean 7.5 °C (based on 174 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00328 - 0.00878), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.