分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 50550). 温带; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 55°N - 43°N
Asia: Amur basin, ascending far up to the Argun, Shilka, and Onon. In the Amur Liman to the Amur estuary in the Sea of Okhotsk. Adults inhabit some lakes, like Orel Lake above Nikolaevsk. Also in the Ussuri and Sungari, China.
Four populations are recognized in the Amur River basin: one lives in the estuary and coastal brackish waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan, second is found in the lower Amur, third in the middle Amur, and fourth in the lower reaches of the Zeya and Bureya rivers in the Russian river banks (Ref. 40142). Two ecological morphs are present in the estuary population, the 'freshwater' and the 'brackish' water forms (Ref. 40142).
亚洲: 阿穆尔河流域,向上游远至额尔古纳河，石勒喀河与鄂嫩河。 在鄂霍次克海中的阿穆尔河 Liman 到阿穆尔河河口中。 栖息于一些湖, 像在 Nikolaevsk 上面的 Orel 湖。 也在中国的乌苏里江与松花江中。 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
四个族群在阿穆尔河流域被辨认出: 一生活在河口与鄂霍次克海的海岸半咸淡水域与日本海中,第二个被发现于下面的阿穆尔河, 第三在阿穆尔河中游中, 与第四的在俄罗斯河岸的結雅河的下面範圍與 Bureya 河.(參考文獻 40142) 二個生態形態在河口族群, '淡水' 與 '半鹹淡水' 水型中出現。 (參考文獻 40142)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 180.0, range 170 - 190 cm
Max length : 560 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40142); 最大体重: 1.0 t (Ref. 40142); 最大年龄: 80 年 (Ref. 56448)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 43-57; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 26 - 35. Gill membranes free from isthmus and broadly connected with each other. Barbels flat, attached on ventral side of snout. Body shields in 5 rows; dorsal shields 10 to 16, lateral 32 to 46 and ventral 8 to 12.
鳃膜与峡部分离而且宽广地与彼此相连。 触须平伏的, 附着在吻的腹侧边上面了。 身体在 5 列中遮蔽; 背甲 10 到 16, 侧面的 32 到 46 与腹面 8 到 12.
Adults inhabit rivers and lakes. Adults do not spawn every year but at least every other year. With increasing age, the spawning interval increases to three, four and more years (Ref. 593). Feed on invertebrates in the first year then switch to juveniles of pelagic fishes, e.g., Oncorhynchus keta, at age 3 to 4 yrs., kaluga feed on adult fishes (Ref. 40142).
栖息于河川与湖泊。 成鱼不每年产卵但是每隔一年的至少。 藉由逐渐增加的年龄，鱼卵间隔增加到三, 四与更多年.(参考文献 593) 在第一个年中吃无脊椎动物转换到大洋性鱼，例如， 大麻哈鱼［Oncorhynchus keta］ 的稚鱼, 在 3 到 4 岁岁， kaluga 吃成鱼.(参考文献 40142)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Males spawn once in three to four years while females do every four to five years (Ref. 40142). Water temperature affects the onset of maturity of females. Females spawn a year earlier during warm years than they would during cold years (Ref. 40142).亚洲: 阿穆尔河流域,向上游远至额尔古纳河，石勒喀河与鄂嫩河。 在鄂霍次克海中的阿穆尔河 Liman 到阿穆尔河河口中。 栖息于一些湖, 像在 Nikolaevsk 上面的 Orel 湖。 也在中国的乌苏里江与松花江中。 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
四个族群在阿穆尔河流域被辨认出: 一生活在河口与鄂霍次克海的海岸半咸淡水域与日本海中,第二个被发现于下面的阿穆尔河, 第三在阿穆尔河中游中, 与第四的在俄罗斯河岸的結雅河的下面範圍與 Bureya 河.(參考文獻 40142) 二個生態形態在河口族群, '淡水' 與 '半鹹淡水' 水型中出現。 (參考文獻 40142)
Berg, L.S., 1962. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
极度濒危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 September 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00119 - 0.00351), b=3.18 (3.03 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 36.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (tm=14-23; tmax=55; Fec=600,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
