Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Grayling

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Salmoniformes \| Salmonidae \| Thymallinae
Synonyms	Salmo thymallus, Salmo thymus, Thymallus eliani, ... more
Common names	Ombre commun, Pénzes pér, Kharius, ... more

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Picture by De Falco, M.

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Main reference

Kottelat, M. 1997. (Ref. 13696)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); max. published weight: 6,700 g (Ref. 6368); max. reported age: 14 years (Ref. 556)

Environment

Benthopelagic; non-migratory; freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20 - ?; depth range 15 - ? m (Ref. 30578)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 6°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 70°N - 42°N, 6°W - 66°E

Europe: England and France to the Ural Mountains in northwest Russia. Appendix III of the Bern Convention (protected fauna).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 17; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10; Vertebrae: 57 - 61. Caudal fin with 19 to 21 rays (Ref. 2196).

Gregarious, forms schools (Ref. 2196). Prefers running, well-oxygenated waters of rivers (Ref. 30578). Inhabits clear upper reaches of rivers with sand or gravel bottom; also occurs in lakes, rarely in brackish water (Baltic). Feeds mainly on insects (Ref. 9696), nymphs, small worms and crustaceans (Ref. 30578). Can be captured with natural bait (insect larvae) or with artificial fly. Very sensitive to pollution (Ref. 30578).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Least Concern (LC)	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.12-0.26; tm=2-6; tmax=14)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100)	Very high

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Ortañez, Auda Kareen

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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