Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782)

Bitterling

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Cypriniformes \| Cyprinidae
Synonyms	Cyprinus amarus, Rhodeus sericeus amarus, Rhodeus amarus meridionalis, ... more
Common names	Bouvière, Europæisk bitterling, Rózanka europejska, ... more

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Picture by Kohout, J.

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Main reference

Kottelat, M. 1997. (Ref. 13696)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 10.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7322); common length : 5.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 9696)

Environment

Benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range 0 - ? m

Climate / Range

Temperate; 60°N - 40°N

Europe: Rhône basin in France to the Neva in Russia; south to the Black Sea (Ref. 557). Basins of North, southern Baltic, Black, western and southern Caspian and Aegean Seas (from Maritza to Struma drainages); Mediterranean basin, only in nothern Rhône (France) and Drin drainages (Alabania, Montenegro, Macedonia) (Ref. 59043).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 34 - 36. Caudal fin with 19 to 20 soft rays.

Among plants over sand and muddy bottoms in shallow waters. Remarkable for its habit of deposing its eggs in the cavity of bivalves (Unio). Feeds mainly on plants and to a lesser degree on worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Formerly used for pregnancy tests: females injected with urin from pregnant women protruded their ovipositors (Ref. 6258). Most individuals do not survive the year of their first reproduction and population sizes fluctuate greatly over the years (Ref. 59043).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Least Concern (LC)	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial; bait: occasionally


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=2; tmax=5; Fec=40)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B.

Modified by Wiethüchter, Anita

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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