Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ruffe

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Perciformes \| Percidae \| Percinae
Synonyms	Perca cernua, Acerina cernua, Acerina cernua essipovi, ... more
Common names	Grémille, Acerina, Grémille, ... more

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Main reference

Kottelat, M. 1997. (Ref. 13696)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); common length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); max. published weight: 400 g (Ref. 556)

Environment

Demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 8 - 12; depth range 10 - ? m (Ref. 9696)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 13371); 74°N - 43°N, 6°W - 169°E

Europe: France to eastern Siberia and to Kolyma river. Recently established in Lakes Superior and Michigan, USA (Ref. 3814). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 12 - 19; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 16; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 5 - 6; Vertebrae: 35 - 36. Caudal fin with 16 to 17 rays (Ref. 40476). Dorsal fins are fused. Color brownish with dark spots (Ref. 35388).

Inhabits lakes, quiet pools and margins of streams. Prefers deep water with deposits of sand and gravel (Ref. 9696). The membranous external walls of the head canals of this species provide high directional sensitivity; can feed at night in the dark using the lateral line system; feeds on zooplankton, chironomids, oligochaetes and amphipods (Ref. 10999). White to yellow eggs in sticky strands are found on rocks and weed in shallow water (Ref. 41678). Used as bait for pike (Ref. 6258). Can tolerate some degradation of the environment (Ref. 30578).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Least Concern (LC)	Potential pest

Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.4-0.48; tm=1-2)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High vulnerability (58 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B.

Modified by Bailly, Nicolas

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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