Elagatis bipinnulata, Rainbow runner : fisheries, gamefish

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Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)

Rainbow runner
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Elagatis bipinnulata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Elagatis bipinnulata (Rainbow runner)
Elagatis bipinnulata
Picture by Freitas, R.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Carangiformes (Jacks) 鱸形目 (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) 鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Naucratinae
Etymology: Elagatis: Greek, elakate, -es = distaff, cane (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 9710), usually 2 - 10 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 41°S, 180°W - 180°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Atlantic: off Genoa, Italy in the Mediterranean (Ref. 4233) and from Côte d'Ivoire to Angola (Ref. 7097). Throughout the Indo-Pacific (Ref. 37816), but rare or absent in the Persian Gulf (Ref. 3287). Eastern Pacific: mouth of Gulf of California to Ecuador; including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9283).
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 57756) 東大西洋: 在地中海 (參考文獻 4233) 中的外海義大利熱那亞與從象牙海岸到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7097) 在印度-太平洋 (參考文獻 37816) 各處, 但是稀有的或不存在於波斯灣.(參考文獻 3287) 東太平洋: 加州灣灣口到厄瓜多; 包括加拉巴哥群島。 (參考文獻 9283)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 64.6  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 90.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 46.2 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 96992)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 7; 背的軟條 (總數): 25-30; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 18 - 22; 脊椎骨: 24. This species is distinguished by the following characters: the upper jaw ending distinctly before eye (and to below anterior margin of eye in young); dorsal fin with a detached terminal 2-rayed finlet; anal fin with a slightly detached spine from the rest of fin and covered by skin in fish of larger sizes, then followed by a second spine continuous with the 18-22 soft rays, including a detached 2-rayed finlet. Colour dark olive-blue or green dorsally and on side, white ventrally with 2 narrow light blue or bluish white stripes along sides and a broader olive or yellowish stripe between them; fins olive or yellowish (Ref. 9894,90102).


色彩深橄欖綠色或藍色的上方, 腹面白色的; 在側邊上的 2條狹窄的淺藍色條紋具有一個在他們之間的淡黃色的條紋; 鰭橄欖色或淡黃色的。 眼前的上頜終止。 臀鰭基底背鰭基底是短於那。 它有一個兩根鰭條的小鰭; 2根臀鰭棘被分離。 背鰭與臀鰭是相當短的; 有小的兩根鰭條的鰭在背鰭與臀鰭正後方.(參考文獻 4795) 沒有鱗甲的側線.(參考文獻 26938)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults are found in oceanic and coastal waters, generally near the surface over reefs or sometimes far from the coast often around floating logs or other debris (Ref. 9283, 11230, 48635, 90102). May form large schools (Ref. 9283, 48635). They feed on invertebrates, mainly on larger crustaceans of the zooplankton, and small fishes (Ref. 9283, 26145). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Good food fish (Ref. 9626) and a valued game fish (Ref. 26938); marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283); also frozen and used for sashimi (Ref. 9987).

發現於了大洋性的與沿岸水域, 通常接近水表面之上礁或者有時遠離海岸.(參考文獻 9283,11230,48635) 可能形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 9283,48635) 吃無脊椎動物 (浮游動物的較大的甲殼動物) 與小魚。 (參考文獻 9283,26145) 好食用魚 (參考文獻 9626) 與一個價值的遊釣魚類;(參考文獻 26938) 在市場上銷售新鮮與鹽醃或乾燥的;(參考文獻 9283) 也凍結而且用來生魚片.(參考文獻 9987)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 57756) 東大西洋: 在地中海 (參考文獻 4233) 中的外海義大利熱那亞與從象牙海岸到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7097) 在印度-太平洋 (參考文獻 37816) 各處, 但是稀有的或不存在於波斯灣.(參考文獻 3287) 東太平洋: 加州灣灣口到厄瓜多; 包括加拉巴哥群島。 (參考文獻 9283)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | 合作者

Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3197)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  有雪卡魚毒中毒的報導 (Ref. 30911)





人類使用

漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.8 - 28.8, mean 27.5 °C (based on 5152 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00584 - 0.01711), b=2.85 (2.70 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=6; K=0.6 is doubtful).
Prior r = 0.58, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 16.7 [7.8, 29.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.662 [0.361, 1.202] mg/100g; Protein = 20.8 [19.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.214 [0.129, 0.359] g/100g; Selenium = 26.7 [13.8, 50.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26 [9, 73] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.384 [0.262, 0.578] mg/100g (wet weight);