Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Pike-perch

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Perciformes \| Percidae \| Luciopercinae
Synonyms	Perca lucioperca, Lucioperca lucioperca, Stizostedion lucioperca, ... more
Common names	Sandre, Lucioperca, Perch-pike, ... more

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Main reference

Kottelat, M. 1997. (Ref. 13696)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35388); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); max. published weight: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476); max. reported age: 16 years (Ref. 3561)

Environment

Pelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; depth range 2 - 30 m (Ref. 30578), usually 2 - 3 m (Ref. 27368)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 6°C - 22°C (Ref. 2059); 67°N - 36°N, 1°W - 75°E

Eastern and central Europe, Sweden and Finland, Western Asia; introduced into several European countries. This species has depleted stocks of native fish in some areas where it has been introduced for angling (Ref. 9988). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 20; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18 - 24; Anal spines: 2 - 3; Anal soft rays: 10 - 14; Vertebrae: 45 - 47. Long slender body, without cross-bars. No spines on the gill cover (Ref. 35388). Caudal fin with 17 soft rays (Ref. 40476).

Inhabit deep, calm waters of lakes, reservoirs, canals and rivers. Feed mainly on fishes (Ref. 30578, 9696). The habitats occupied by S. lucioperca are likely to vary during different seasons, as shown by radio-tracking study done in the United States. In autumn, the adults prefer a substrate of large pebbles in 1.20-1.80 m depth. In winter, when the temperature approaches 5°C, S. lucioperca are found in pits and trenches where they overwinter. When the temperature rises above 2.8°C in spring, they commence upstream migration. Spawning takes place at a temperature of around 11°C on substrate composed of large pebbles in a current of 1.40-1.50 m/sec. After spawning, the parents drift downstream and stay in pools, 1.20-1.80 m deep, for two weeks. Mortalities affect the females after spawning. In summer, Z. lucioperca prefer a substrate of pebbles and are found at variable depths, often on the upstream edge of pits and trenches where there is a rupture of current. When the temperature reaches 30°C, they seek deep pools (Ref. 30578). Spawning is earlier in lower latitudes (Ref. 10999). Pale yellow eggs are found attached to emergent vegetation or stones and gravel (Ref. 41678). Popularly fished by sport fishers. Its flesh is succulent (Ref. 30578). Utilized fresh or frozen and eaten steamed, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988). An individual weighing 19 kg was reportedly caught in 1959 in Starnberger, Bavaria, Germany (Peter Admicka, pers. Comm. E-mail: peter.adamicka@oeaw.ac.at). The Lake Hjälmaren Pikeperch Fish-Trap fishery of this species has been certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (http://www.msc.org/) as well-managed and sustainable (http://www.msc.org/html/content_1280.htm).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Least Concern (LC)	Potential pest

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.10-0.13; tm=3-5; tmax=16)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High vulnerability (58 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Bailly, Nicolas

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