分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 2 - 30 m (Ref. 9310), usually 2 - 6 m (Ref. 9310). 亞熱帶的; 0°C - 33°C (Ref. 35682); 38°N - 23°N, 125°W - 106°W
Eastern Central Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.
中太平洋東部: 美國加州舊金山到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 56049)
A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Can leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). Also found near or over rocks and in kelp beds up to about 30 m depth. Feed mainly on seaweed, occasionally takes invertebrates. Form dense schools in spring in kelp beds. Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049). Breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Considered an important game fish and may incidentally be caught in commercial fishing activities (Ref. 9310). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9310).
一個定居的潮間帶的種有歸巢的行為。 (參考文獻 32612) 如果水生的環境變成不適居留，能離開潮池。 (參考文獻 31184) 也發現接近或者岩石之上而且在海藻床中達到大約 30 公尺深。 主要吃海草, 偶而吃無脊椎動物。 在春天在海藻床中形成密集的魚群。 呼吸空氣當離開水面.(參考文獻 31184) 被認為是一個重要的遊釣魚類而且可能附隨地被在經濟性的漁捕活動捕獲.(參考文獻 9310) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 9310)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).中太平洋東部: 美國加州舊金山到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.4 - 24.2, mean 22.3 °C (based on 112 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00949 - 0.03040), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2.5; tmax=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 54.1 [27.3, 92.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.834 [0.476, 1.476] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.5, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.185 [0.099, 0.352] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [13.1, 71.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.26 [1.60, 31.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.881 [0.611, 1.334] mg/100g (wet weight);
