Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
; eau douce benthopélagique; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - ?; profondeur 0 - 6 m (Ref. 1998). Subtropical; 10°C - 32°C (Ref. 12741); 46°N - 24°N, 125°W - 65°W (Ref. 89798)
North America: St. Lawrence - Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from southern Quebec to Minnesota and south to Gulf; Atlantic and Gulf drainages from North Carolina to Florida and to northern Mexico. The species has been introduced widely as a game fish and is now cosmopolitan. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 86798); common length : 40.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 556); poids max. publié: 10.1 kg (Ref. 4699); âge max. reporté: 23 années (Ref. 46974)
Épines dorsales (Total): 10; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 11-14; Épines anales 3; Rayons mous anaux: 10 - 12; Vertèbres: 30 - 32.
Inhabit lakes, ponds, swamps, and backwaters and pools of creeks, and small to large rivers (Ref. 86798). Usually found over mud or sand and common in impoundments (Ref. 5723). They prefer quiet, clear water and over-grown banks. Adults feed on fishes, crayfish and frogs; young feed on crustaceans, insects and small fishes. Sometimes cannibalistic. They don't feed during spawning; as well as when the water temperature is below 5°C and above 37°C (Ref. 30578). Builds nest at 25 mm-203 mm deep (Ref. 1998). An introduced species in Europe reported to avoid fast-flowing waters and to occur in estuaries with a salinity up to 13 ppt (Ref. 59043). Popular game fish in North America. Preyed upon by herons, bitterns, and kingfishers (Ref. 1998). Excellent food fish (Ref. 1998).
The male which becomes aggressive and territorial builds the nest on muddy bottoms of shallow water. A female may spawn with several males on different nests. The male guards and fans the eggs for about 29 days (Ref. 93240). Spawning takes place spring to summer or when temperature reaches 15°C. Adults mate between the age of 5-12 years (Ref. 11243). Also Ref, 88808).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Potential pest
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; Aquaculture: commercial; pêche sportive: oui; Aquarium: Aquariums publics
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00903 - 0.01214), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.2 (4.6 - 6.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 41
growth studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.06-0.14; tm=3-5; tmax=16; Fec=2,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.3 [15.6, 73.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.919 [0.527, 1.527] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.481 [0.197, 1.182] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [11.5, 68.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.5 [6.5, 59.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.852 [0.603, 1.246] mg/100g (wet weight);
