分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: ? - 15; 深度上下限 0 - 55 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 69°N - 34°N
North America: Nova Scotia to Northwest Territories and eastern British Columbia in Canada; Great Lakes-Mississippi River basins south to southern Ohio and Nebraska in USA and west to Montana, USA. Isolated population in Canadian River system in northeastern New Mexico, USA. Introduced elsewhere (Ref. 5723). Introduced in upper Inn drainage in Bavaria, Germany and accidentally in the 1960’s with Micropterus to southern Finland where it has established a population in Lake Lohjanjarvi (Ref. 59043).
北美洲: 對西北地區與東方的加拿大的英屬哥倫比亞的新斯科舍省; 五大湖-密西西比的河流域南至在美國的俄亥俄州南部與內布拉斯加而且西至美國的蒙大納。 在加拿大河流域在東北方的美國新墨西哥州的孤立的族群。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 8.7 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 2.00 年 (Ref. 12193)
Diagnosed from other species of Gasterosteidae in Europe by combination of the following characters: 4-6 short dorsal spines, never inclined to the left or to the right; without keel on side of caudal peduncle; anal fin origin slightly behind dorsal fin origin; body dark olive green (getting blackish in breeding males), with numerous pale spots or undulating bars on flank (Ref. 59043).
Adults inhabit cool, vegetated, sand or mud bottoms of lakes and ponds. Also in pools and backwaters of creeks and small rivers (Ref. 1998, 10294). Rarely found in brackish water. Feed on crustacean and insect larvae, eggs and larvae of fishes, snails, oligochaetes and algae (Ref. 1998, 10294). Preyed upon by kingfishers, herons, and mergansers and occasionally by fishes like Salvelinus fontinalis and Esox lucius (Ref. 1998). Males build, guard and aerate the nest where the eggs are deposited (Ref. 205).
栖息于冷的, 植物生长的, 湖泊与池塘的沙或泥底部。 也在小溪与小河的深潭与滞水区中。 很少发现于半淡咸水了。 吃甲壳动物与鱼，蜗牛，蠕虫与藻类的昆虫幼生，卵与仔鱼。 (参考文献 1998) 被鱼狗，苍鹭与秋沙鸭捕食了而且偶然地藉着鱼例如美洲红点鲑［溪红点鲑］［Salvelinus fontinalis］ 与 白斑狗鱼［Esox lucius］ 。 (参考文献 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Males arrive first in shallow waters, establish their territories, and build small nests near the bottom. The male then entices the female to the nest and by prodding her ventral and caudal peduncle area, forces her to release her eggs into the nest. The male then drives the female away, fertilizes the eggs and guards his territory until the young hatch and swim away. Males may build two nests during a breeding season and more than one female may deposit eggs in each nest (Ref. 1998). Eggs hatch in 8-9 days (Ref. 59043).北美洲: 對西北地區與東方的加拿大的英屬哥倫比亞的新斯科舍省; 五大湖-密西西比的河流域南至在美國的俄亥俄州南部與內布拉斯加而且西至美國的蒙大納。 在加拿大河流域在東北方的美國新墨西哥州的孤立的族群。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人类利用
水族馆: 商业性; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00408 - 0.02689), b=3.07 (2.85 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (tmax=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
