Kryptolebias marmoratus, Mangrove rivulus : aquarium, bait

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Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey, 1880)

Mangrove rivulus
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Kryptolebias marmoratus
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Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) > Rivulidae (Rivulines) > Kryptolebiatinae
Etymology: More on author: Poey.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

; Água doce; estuarina bentopelágico; pH range: ? - 7.5; dH range: ? - 16; não migratória; intervalo de profundidade 0 - ? m (Ref. 55170). Tropical; 18°C - 24°C (Ref. 2060); 31°N - 3°N, 93°W - 49°W (Ref. 55170)

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

North, Central and South America: eastern coasts of Florida (Indian River to Key West) in USA and Bahamas to Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman Island, Brazil, French Guiana, the Netherlands Antilles, Venezuela, Belize, Mexico, Puerto Rico. Throughout Caribbean (Ref. 26938).

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 17.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.5 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 27139)

Descrição breve Morfologia | Morfometria

Dark spot surrounded by yellow ring on side of caudal peduncle, just ahead of upper part of caudal fin base (Ref. 26938).

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit shallow, mud-bottomed ditches, bays, salt marshes and other brackish-water environments; also crab burrows (Ref. 5723), moist leaf litter, decaying mangrove logs (Ref. 93034). Can withstand heavy pollution of fresh or salty waters and shares its biotope with Poecilia vivipara which is much more abundant (Ref. 35237). Usually found in water with low oxygen content (Ref. 7251). Either male or hermaphroditic, females don't seem to exist. Only about 5% of a population are born as males; after 3-4 years about 60% of the (self-fertilizing) hermaphrodites transform into secondary males by losing female structure and function. The proportion of males depends on the environmental temperature. Below 20°C, majority are males, above 25°C all are hermaphrodites (Ref. 35237). It is the only known naturally occurring, self-fertilizing vertebrate (Ref. 13056, 35237). Not a seasonal killifish. Is very difficult to maintain in aquarium (Ref. 27139).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

Eggs are sometimes fertilized internally by accident via close apposition of gonopores in otherwise oviparous fishes (Ref. 7471). Regarded as a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite (Ref. 6028, 245, 35237). Eggs are 1.6 mm in diameter. Sexes can be distinguished after 8 weeks (Ref. 35237). Also Ref. 103751.

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : Costa, Wilson J.E.M. | Colaboradores

Costa, W.J.E.M., 2003. Rivulidae (South American Annual Fishes). p. 526-548. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36579)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Harmless





Utilização humana

Aquário: Espécies comerciais; isco:
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Fontes da internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Espécies | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoma, nucleotídeo | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de dados nacionais | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquários públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia: ir para, procurar | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Registo zoológico

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.2   ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (tm=0.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).