Kryptolebias marmoratus (Poey, 1880)

Mangrove rivulus

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Cyprinodontiformes \| Rivulidae
Synonyms	Rivulus marmoratus, Rivulus bonairensis, Rivulus heyei, ... more
Common names	Rivulus, Almirante de manglar, Marmorierter Bachling, ... more

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Image of Kryptolebias marmoratus (Mangrove rivulus)

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Main reference

Costa, W.J.E.M. 2003. (Ref. 36579)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : Costa, Wilson J.E.M. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 7.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 27139)

Environment

Benthopelagic; non-migratory; freshwater; brackish; pH range: ? - 7.5; dH range: ? - 16; depth range 0 - ? m (Ref. 55170)

Climate / Range

Tropical; 18°C - 24°C (Ref. 2060); 31°N - 3°N, 93°W - 49°W (Ref. 55170)

North, Central and South America: eastern coasts of Florida (Indian River to Key West) in USA and Bahamas to Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman Island, Brazil, French Guiana, the Netherlands Antilles, Venezuela, Belize, Mexico, Puerto Rico. Throughout Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dark spot surrounded by yellow ring on side of caudal peduncle, just ahead of upper part of caudal fin base (Ref. 26938).

Inhabits shallow, mud-bottomed ditches, bays, salt marshes and other brackish-water environments; also crab burrows (Ref. 5723). Can withstand heavy pollution of fresh or salty waters and shares its biotope with Poecilia vivipara which is much more abundant (Ref. 35237). Usually found in water with low oxygen content (Ref. 7251). Either male or hermaphroditic, females don't seem to exist. Only about 5% of a population are born as males; after 3-4 years about 60% of the (self-fertilizing) hermaphrodites transform into secondary males by losing female structure and function. The proportion of males depends on the environmental temperature. Below 20°C, majority are males, above 25°C all are hermaphrodites (Ref. 35237). It is the only known naturally occurring, self-fertilizing vertebrate (Ref. 13056, 35237). Not a seasonal killifish. Is very difficult to maintain in aquarium (Ref. 27139).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Lower Risk: least concern (LR/lc)	Harmless

Human uses
Aquarium: commercial; bait:


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

Tools
Biogeographic modelling \| E-book \| Field guide \| Identification keys \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map

Special reports
Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML
Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos

Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (tm=0.5)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low vulnerability (10 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Froese, Rainer

Modified by Capuli, Estelita Emily

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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