分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Phycidae (Phycid hakes)
Etymology: Urophycis: Greek, oura = tail + Greek, phyke, pykis, -idos = the female of a fish that lives among algae (Greek = phykon), related with the gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 35 - 1152 m (Ref. 57178), usually 110 - 130 m. 溫帶; 51°N - 33°N, 79°W - 58°W
Northwest Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Nova Scotia, straying to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Rare European records are probably misidentifications of Urophycis tenuis.
西北大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到新斯科舍省南部, 迷路到聖勞倫斯灣。 稀有的歐洲記錄是可能是 白長鰭鱈〔Urophycis tenuis〕 的誤鑑.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 26.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 3.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. First dorsal fin ray elongated. Pelvic fins also reaching about the anal fin origin. Body color variable, reddish to olive brown dorsally, sometimes very dark or mottled; lower sides paler, sometimes with dusky dots; belly and underside of the head pale. A dusky blotch present on the opercle. The fins are generally dark, except for the pelvic fins, which are pale.
第一背鳍鳍条延长。 腹鳍也大约达到臀鳍起源。 体色可变的, 淡红的到黄褐色的背面, 有时非常黑或有斑点的; 下侧灰白,有时有暗色的点; 腹面与头部的下面灰白的。 一个暗色的斑块位于鳃盖之上。 鳍通常黑, 除了腹鳍, ，那是灰白的。
Found on soft muddy and sandy bottoms, but never on rocks, gravel or shells. Juveniles live along the coasts at shallow depths (4-6 m); adults migrate to deeper waters, generally to between 110 and 130 m, and in some instances, to over 550 m. Juveniles live in scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) and remain close to scallop beds until they mature (Ref. 9988). They prefer temperatures of 8-10°C (Ref. 5951). Feed on shrimps, amphipods and other crustaceans, also on squid and herring, flatfish, mackerel and others. Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; also small fish are used for fishmeal ; eaten steamed, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Maximum depth reported from Ref. 57178.
栖息于软泥与砂质底部了, 但是从不在岩石，砾石或贝壳上。 稚鱼活的在深度浅的地方 (4-6 公尺) 沿着海岸; 成鱼回游到较深的水域,通常到 110 与 130 公尺之间, 与在一些例证，到超过 550 公尺中。 稚鱼生活于有荷叶边的 ( Placopecten magellanicus) 而且保持直到他们接近有荷叶边的床成熟的.(参考文献 9988) 捕食虾，片脚类动物与其他的甲壳动物, 也吃乌贼与鲱鱼，比目鱼, 鲭与其它。 生鲜使用, 乾燥或盐腌与冷冻; 小鱼也是制成鱼浆 ; 清蒸, 微波而且烧烤 (参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西北大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到新斯科舍省南部, 迷路到聖勞倫斯灣。 稀有的歐洲記錄是可能是 白長鰭鱈〔Urophycis tenuis〕 的誤鑑.
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.6 - 11.1, mean 5 °C (based on 23 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5044 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00319 - 0.00520), b=3.11 (3.04 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19; tm=2-3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.7 [17.1, 58.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.353 [0.196, 0.651] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [16.0, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.412 [0.217, 0.750] g/100g; Selenium = 25.8 [13.2, 49.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.2 [4.3, 55.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.435 [0.306, 0.627] mg/100g (wet weight);
