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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Laviniinae
Etymology: Ptychocheilus: Greek, ptyx, ptychos = fold + Greek, cheilos = lip (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 溫帶; 39°N - 35°N
North America: Sacramento-San Joaquin, Pajaro-Salinas, Russian, and Clear Lake drainages in California, USA. Introduced elsewhere in California, including Eel River and tributaries to Morro Bay.
北美洲: 薩克拉門托河-在美國加州的聖約昆河， Pajaro-Salinas 河, 俄羅斯河, 澄清湖與皮特河流域上游。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 72486)
臀鰭軟條: 8. Dorsal fin usually with 8 rays; anal fin with 8 rays; 38-44 scales on back from head to dorsal fin; 65-78, usually 67-75, scales on lateral line; and 12-15 scales above lateral line (Ref. 86798).
Inhabits rocky and sandy pools and runs of small to large rivers. Usually found in clear, warm streams (Ref. 5723). Voracious minnow with pike-like habits. Small pikeminnows (less than or equal to 7 cm SL) are found in shallow water with cover and lower velocities. The microhabitat use of these juveniles is controlled by the presence of large pikeminnows which connotes intraspecific predation. The microhabitat shift is observed to be significantly influenced by the presence rather than the number of large pikeminnows in the area (Ref. 55069).
棲息於小型到大型河川的多岩石多沙的水潭與小支流。 常見於清澈又溫暖的溪流。 具有像矛一樣的習慣狼吞虎嚥的條魚類.(參考文獻 5723) 小的 pikeminnows(少於或等於 7 公分 SL) 以表面與低的速度被發現於淺水區。 這些稚魚的小環境使用被控制藉由有含言外之意種內的掠食的大的 pikeminnows。 小環境變化被觀察重要地被影響藉由出現而不是在區域中的大 pikeminnows 的數字.(參考文獻 55069)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北美洲: 薩克拉門托河-在美國加州的聖約昆河， Pajaro-Salinas 河, 俄羅斯河, 澄清湖與皮特河流域上游。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
