分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Thymallinae
Etymology: Thymallus: Greek, thymallos, -ou = a kind of fish similar to salmon (Ref. 45335); arcticus: arcticus meaning of the arctic (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 30 - ? m (Ref. 5723). 溫帶; 71°N - 44°N
North America: widespread in Arctic drainages from Hudson Bay, Canada to Alaska and in Arctic and Pacific drainages to central Alberta and British Columbia in Canada; upper Missouri River drainage in Montana, USA. Formerly in Great Lakes basin in Michigan, USA (Ref. 5723). Arctic Ocean basin in Siberia from Ob to Yenisei drainages and in Europe in some tributaries of Pechora (Usa, Kosyu, Kozhim), Korotaikha and Kara (Ref. 59043).
北美洲: 在來自哈得遜灣的北極圈流域與在北極圈與太平洋的流域到中央的亞伯達與加拿大的英屬哥倫比亞廣泛分佈在加拿大到阿拉斯加州; 在美國的蒙大納的密蘇里河流域上游。 從前在密西根州的五大湖流域。 亞洲: 西伯利亞，俄國.(參考文獻 3221)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 24.5, range 23 - 26 cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 34.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 3.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 18 年 (Ref. 33969)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 17-25; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 15; 脊椎骨: 58 - 62. Distinguished by its greatly enlarged dorsal fin and its small mouth, which has fine teeth on both jaws (Ref. 27547). Dorsal greatly enlarged in adults (especially males), reaching adipose fin when depressed, but is shorter in females; pelvic fins rather long, reach anal fin in adult males, but not in females; lower lobe of caudal often longer than upper (Ref. 27547). A strikingly colored fish, the dorsal surface is dark purple, or blue black to blue gray, the sides gray to dark blue with pinkish iridescence, the ventral surface gray to white (Ref. 1998). Scattered dark spots on sides, these being more numerous on the young; a dark longitudinal stripe along lower sides between pectoral and pelvic fins; dorsal fin dark with narrow purple edge (rows of reddish to orange or purple to green spots on body of fin); pelvic fins dark with irregular diagonal orange-yellow stripes; adipose, dorsal, anal, caudal and pectorals dusky to dark (Ref. 27547).
區別的特徵為它的明顯增大背鰭與它的小嘴, 在雙顎上有細齒.(參考文獻 27547) 背部的明顯增大當成魚時 (尤其雄性), 達到脂鰭當扁平的, 但是在雌性中比較短; 腹鰭相當長的, 在雄性成魚中達到臀鰭, 但是不在雌性中; 尾鰭下葉時常比上頜長.(參考文獻 27547) 一顯著地彩魚，背部表面的顏色較深紫色, 或藍色的黑色到藍灰色的, 深藍色的側邊灰色用略帶桃色的彩虹色，腹面灰色到白色.(參考文獻 1998) 在側邊上的分散的深色斑點, 這些是眾多的幼魚之上; 一條深色的縱向斑紋沿著在胸鰭與腹鰭之間的下側; 背鰭深色且有狹窄的紫色邊緣;(列的淡紅到橘色或紫色的到綠色的斑點在鰭的身體上) 腹鰭深色且有不規則的斜線橘黃色的斑紋; 脂肪，背鰭、臀鰭、尾鰭與胸鰭暗色的到深.(參考文獻 27547)
Inhabits open water of clear, cold, medium to large rivers and lakes. Enters rocky creeks to spawn (Ref. 5723). Occurs in piedmont and montane cold streams, rivers and lakes with high oxygen concentrations (Ref. 59043). Forms schools in moderate numbers (Ref. 9988). Young feed on zooplankton with a gradual shift to immature insects; adults feed mainly on surface insects but also take in fishes, fish eggs, lemmings, and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Spawns in montane streams with heavy current on shallows with rock-gravel bottom (Ref. 59043). Utilized fresh and can be fried, broiled, boiled, and baked (Ref. 9988).
棲息於清澈又寒冷中型到大型河川與湖的開放水域, 進入岩石的小溪產卵。 (參考文獻 5723) 在一般的數量中形成魚群。 (參考文獻 9988) 幼魚捕食浮游動物具有一個對不成熟的昆蟲逐漸的變化; 成魚主要捕食水面的昆蟲在魚，魚卵，旅鼠與浮游生物甲殼動物中但也吃.(參考文獻 1998) 生鮮使用而且能被油炸, 火烤,煮沸, 而且燒烤.(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning adults move into tributaries and males establish territories. At spawning, the male follows a female, courting her with displays of his dorsal fin. He then drifts over beside her and curves his extended dorsal fin over the female. The pair vibrates and release eggs and milt. No redd is constructed, but the vibrations of the tails during the spawning act stirs up the substrate and produce a slight depression (Ref. 28876, 28879, 28880, 28881, 28882). A female may spawn only once, or several times in different areas (Ref. 1998). After spawning, adults establish summer territories in pools generally farther upstream from the spawning site, majority moving downstream in mid-September (Ref. 28885, 28886).北美洲: 在來自哈得遜灣的北極圈流域與在北極圈與太平洋的流域到中央的亞伯達與加拿大的英屬哥倫比亞廣泛分佈在加拿大到阿拉斯加州; 在美國的蒙大納的密蘇里河流域上游。 從前在密西根州的五大湖流域。 亞洲: 西伯利亞，俄國.(參考文獻 3221)
McClanes, A.J. (ed.), 1974. Field guide to freshwater fishes of North America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. 212 p. (Ref. 3221)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00589 - 0.01175), b=3.09 (3.00 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.3 (5.5 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.10-0.23; tm=2-6; tmax=18; Fec=416).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.1 [7.9, 61.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.678 [0.213, 1.553] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 1.91 [0.63, 6.48] g/100g; Selenium = 59.2 [22.5, 181.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.2 [6.6, 69.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.709 [0.384, 1.339] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
