Thymallus arcticus arcticus (Pallas, 1776)

Arctic grayling

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Salmoniformes \| Salmonidae \| Thymallinae
Synonyms	Salmo arcticus, Thymallus arcticus, Coregonus signifer, ... more
Common names	American grayling, Ombre arctique, 北极茴鱼, ... more

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Image of Thymallus arcticus arcticus (Arctic grayling)

Picture by Keeley, E.R.

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Main reference

McClanes, A.J. (ed.). 1974. (Ref. 3221)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 76.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 34.3 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. published weight: 3,830 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref. 33969)

Environment

Benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range 30 - ? m (Ref. 5723)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 71°N - 44°N

North America: widespread in Arctic drainages from Hudson Bay, Canada to Alaska and in Arctic and Pacific drainages to central Alberta and British Columbia in Canada; upper Missouri River drainage in Montana, USA. Formerly in Great Lakes basin in Michigan, USA. Asia: Siberia, Russia (Ref. 3221).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 25; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 11 - 15; Vertebrae: 58 - 62. Distinguished by its greatly enlarged dorsal fin and its small mouth, which has fine teeth on both jaws (Ref. 27547). Dorsal greatly enlarged in adults (especially males), reaching adipose fin when depressed, but is shorter in females; pelvic fins rather long, reach anal fin in adult males, but not in females; lower lobe of caudal often longer than upper (Ref. 27547). A strikingly colored fish, the dorsal surface is dark purple, or blue black to blue gray, the sides gray to dark blue with pinkish iridescence, the ventral surface gray to white (Ref. 1998). Scattered dark spots on sides, these being more numerous on the young; a dark longitudinal stripe along lower sides between pectoral and pelvic fins; dorsal fin dark with narrow purple edge (rows of reddish to orange or purple to green spots on body of fin); pelvic fins dark with irregular diagonal orange-yellow stripes; adipose, dorsal, anal, caudal and pectorals dusky to dark (Ref. 27547).

Inhabits open water of clear, cold medium to large rivers and lakes, entering rocky creeks to spawn (Ref. 5723). Forms schools in moderate numbers (Ref. 9988). Young feed on zooplankton with a gradual shift to immature insects; adults feed mainly on surface insects but also take in fishes, fish eggs, lemmings, and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Utilized fresh and can be fried, broiled, boiled, and baked (Ref. 9988).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Least Concern (LC)	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.10-0.23; tm=2-6; tmax=18; Fec=416)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High vulnerability (58 of 100)	Very high

Entered by Froese, Rainer

Modified by Casal, Christine Marie V.

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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